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Jumping genes help explain the immune system
Johns Hopkins researchers first discovered evidence that the process underlying the ability of the human immune system to recognize and respond to millions of different proteins may have originated from a particular gene family whose surface function is inherited. Jump in the material. The researchers published these findings on Nature, December 23, 2004. Jumping genes can cut themselves off from genetic material, and researchers speculate that cells use this ability to build many different immune-related proteins. However, so far there is no evidence that jumping genes play this role. In the new study, the researchers demonstrated that a jump gene called the Hermes (Musca domestica) can cause DNA changes that are similar to those caused by the antigen recognition process. This study gives the first real evidence that the genetic processes behind antigen diversity may have evolved from the activities of jumping genes. The ability to recognize a variety of different antigens allows the immune system to fight infections and distinguish between friends and foes. The "big picture" behind this capability is that cells build antibodies and bind to specific antigens, but the initial steps of this process have become a research problem. The Hermes gene will probably help reveal some of the secrets of this process. The researchers found that when Hermes was cut from the DNA, the rest of the DNA formed a hairpin loop that instantly folded itself. Although this ring separates Hermes from its relatives, the Hermes protein still has important features of this family. The researchers found that the protein's DNA cleavage cracks are the same as those of other jumping gene proteins. Understanding how Hermes and other jumping genes work can also provide important clues for fighting bacterial infections, developing gene therapy and preventing disease from carrying insects. Bacterial jumping genes can protect bacteria from antibiotic damage. The researchers also intend to use the jumping gene as a vector to carry genes for disease treatment and as a powerful modifier to interfere with pest growth control genes.