Straw feeding cattle technical points

Straw feeding cattle technical points

Rice straw is the collective name for the stalks and leaves remaining after the rice matures to remove grain (seed), commonly known as the manuscript, also known as the stalk, which is the traditional bulk and mainly or even the only feed for the cattle in the rice region during the winter and spring. Due to the long-term large-scale feeding of straw alone, it often leads to the occurrence of cattle disease and even death. Therefore, it must be rationally used according to its characteristics in order to fully display its efficacy. The harvesting and storage of rice straw should be harvested on sunny days. After the grain is removed, if the rice paddy field is dry, the rice straw can be spread on the spot and spread. If the rice paddy is moist, the rice straw should be moved to the nearby dry area to spread the sun, so as to make it as thin as possible. Turn 2 or 3 times a day, dried in 2 days to 3 days, tied up and stored in a dry place to prevent moisture, rain, and keep fresh green and blue. If the exposure time is too long, due to sun damage and the infiltration and loss of rain, color fade, nutrient consumption and loss, in case of rain, often cause moldy, and loss of feeding value. Can not simply feed rice straw straw digestive energy only 7.54 MJ per kilogram, crude protein 2.8% (2.6% -5.0%), digestible protein 0.2%, calcium 0.08%, phosphorus 0.06%, crude fiber up to 27% (21% -33%), the digestibility rate is only 50%, the nutritional value is low, and it is difficult to digest. When feeding straw alone for a long time, the body of cattle is becoming thinner and thinner. Due to the lack of calcium and phosphorus calcium and phosphorus deficiency, and the lack of vitamin D affect the absorption of calcium and phosphorus, resulting in adult cattle (especially pregnant and lactating cattle), cartilage and yak disease, increased obstetrics. In the process of crude fiber digestion, a large amount of hippuric acid is produced. The body consumes a large amount of potassium and sodium to neutralize hippuric acid, causing potassium and sodium deficiency; potassium deficiency causes paralysis of nerve function, exhaustion of the body, and weakness of the limbs. Walking, walking was "adhesive step-like" limping; lack of sodium is reduced secretion of digestive juices, digestive function deteriorated, physique deteriorated, and finally the body collapsed to death. Therefore, it is not possible to feed straw for a long time. It must be fed with corn, wheat bran, rice bran, and tubers (especially yellow sweet potato with more carotene), bean cake, peanut cake, sesame cake, silage, green Feed (cane shoots, oat seedlings) and other feeding. Buffalo adult buffalo daily 75 grams -100 grams, 50 grams -75 grams of cattle, adult salt buffalo daily 50 grams -75 grams, 25 grams of cattle -50 grams; calf reduction. Measures to increase the nutritional value of rice straw—Ammonification of ammoniated rice straw is the use of urea to decompose ammonia into ammonia under the action of urease and cause ammoniation of rice straw. First, an ammoniated pit was built in a high-rise, dry, clean, well-drained, and easily accessible place near the cowshed. The cellar shape is excellent with a round well shape. The size of the pit depends on the amount of aminated straw required, generally 2.5 to 3 meters in diameter, and is dug vertically from the ground. It is 3 to 4 meters deep, and the pit walls are masonry and bricks. The height of the ground is 1 meter, which can increase the capacity and prevent humans and animals from falling down the pit. The inner wall and the bottom are filled with a layer of cement or lime mortar, which is smooth and smooth to prevent seepage. The top of the pit is 2 meters high from the ground to prevent rain. At the beginning of the ammoxidation work, the cellar was cleaned in advance, and the cellar and cellar walls were ignited with flames of hay for flame disinfection. The straw was then cut into small pieces of 5 cm to 10 cm long. Each ton of straw was treated with 3% aqueous urea 600 kg. Spray on the cut straw and into the pit. Step on the floor until it rises 50 centimeters above the pit. After compaction, cover it with a layer of plastic film and spread it over 30 centimeters to 50 centimeters. Thick crushing soil is used to cap the roof and prevent wind and rain. Within half a month after the completion of the work, due to the gradual sinking of ammoniated straw, inspections should be intensified. If cracks are found in the capped soil, immediately add smashed soil for sealing to prevent deflation. After sealing the cellar, it takes about 15 days to 20 days in the summer and 30 days in the winter to reach the goal of ammoniation. The cow can be taken out. If you do not open the cellar, you can long-term preservation. When feeding, the soil was removed from the pit floor the previous day and the plastic film was peeled off. After about 24 hours, the residual ammonia gas was volatilized before the material was taken out. When taking the material from the corner of the pit, take it from top to bottom layer by layer. The aminated rice straw with good quality has yellow or brown appearance. When the cellar is opened, the ammonia gas is rich. After the ammonia evaporates, the aroma is fragrant, the texture is soft, and the texture is not bad. The ammoniated straw removed should be left open for a day and the residual ammonia gas should be completely volatilized before it can be fed. At the beginning of feeding, starting from a small amount, gradually increasing the amount of feeding, after 5 days to 7 days of gradual adaptation process, can be open to feed. After aminating the rice straw, the cell wall of the plant swells softly and the lignin may also partially dissolve, destroying the structure of the lignin and hemi-lignin, thereby increasing the digestibility of the organic matter of the straw, and providing non-protein nitrogen to the cattle. The use of microorganisms in the rumen serves to enhance the nutrition of crude protein and increase the nutritional value of straw. However, ammoniated rice straw is not a “universal feed” but still needs to be fed together with other feeds to fully utilize the effectiveness of various feeds in order to meet the nutritional needs. For feeding enough rice, the rice grass has large volume, lack of water, high crude fiber content, indigestible, and slow discharge. After feeding, it often fills the rumen and shows full food, and feed intake gradually decreases, especially in drinking water and juicy feed. In the absence of this condition, it is easy to cause loosening of the stomach, accumulation of food in the rumen, and even gastric obstruction (commonly known as louver). Therefore, when feeding straw, you must supply enough drinking water. When the weather is cold, it is best to feed warm water to make it drink as much as possible, and with a proper amount of juicy feed. Frequent exposure to calcium in the body requires calcium and phosphorus metabolism, but a variety of plant foods are lack of vitamin D. During the drying process of green hay, ergosterol in plants is converted into vitamin D2 by ultraviolet irradiation of the sun for the needs of cattle, but in the rice region, especially in the plains, the population is dense, the grass is scarce, and cattle are only used to wear cattle. After the nose was pulled to the fields, the ditch, and the side of the road to feed, there was no condition for cutting hay. Therefore, during the feeding of straw in winter and spring, the cow should be kept warm and sunny weather to release the sun outside the house, 2 hours to 3 hours a day, so that the 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is converted to vitamin D3 to meet the needs of cattle, prevent Chondrosis and rickets. Moldy straw cannot be fed by cattle Straw can be moulded when it is rained during harvest or wet during storage. After moldy straw feeding cattle, it is easy to cause fungal infection mainly caused by Fusarium, resulting in swollen hoof crown, and there are transverse cracks that seep out of the yellow liquid, often secondary infection and rupture of the skin, giving off smell, even hoof hoe Shedding, commonly known as "frozen foot sores". Often occurs in the early winter and early spring season. The incidence of buffalo was 18.8%, the residual rate was 42.8%, the incidence of cattle was 11.6%, and the residual rate was 17.5%. At present, there is no specific drug control. The only basic measures for prevention and treatment are not to feed moldy straw.

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