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Broiler growth and development points
First, the characteristics of broiler production 1, the production cycle is short. From the start of the preparation work, generally a batch of production can be completed in about two months, which has the advantage of quick cash flow. However, this short-term decision to win or lose requires that the entire production process be seldom missed. 2, broiler breeding must have a certain scale. Each broiler has a low net profit of 1-2 yuan. To obtain benefits, it is necessary to keep a certain size. Farmers who have just learned to raise broilers can start with a batch of 300-500 eggs. With the accumulation of experience and funds, each batch can be raised to 1,000-2,000 eggs. 3, broiler production must be the "success rate" in the first place. The net profit of raising a broiler is only 1-2 yuan. When the survival rate of the general broiler is below 90-92%, the profit will be very small or a loss will occur. Therefore, broiler chickens must be carefully planned, pay attention to overcome some of the loopholes in management, and strive to achieve 100% success. The failure of a batch of broiler rearing, such as Newcastle disease and other major diseases, may lose profits from several batches of broilers. In order to pursue stable production, the breeding scale must not be blindly expanded when the feeding conditions are not mature. 4. The basis of broiler production is whether or not a stable production environment can be maintained. Although broilers are very heavy, they are very young and very delicate. They have weak environmental adaptability and disease resistance. The management of broilers must focus on maintaining the proper environment in the homes and make great efforts to strengthen the ability to control the environment in the broilers, and adopt easy-to-implement environmental control measures. 5. Feeding broilers must adopt the "all-in, all-out" feeding method. Most broiler chickens of different ages are kept in the same chicken farm. This way of feeding, without using half a year, will result in circulating infections of various diseases in the chicken farm, more and more diseases, so that the survival rate and growth rate of broilers are increased. The worse it comes. In order to ensure safe production and improve the success rate, broiler chickens must be raised and fed in batches of “full-in, full-out†feeding methods. After raising a batch of chickens, the chicken house must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, and the broiler must be started after two weeks of emptying. 6. Perfect disease control measures are the basic guarantee for the successful breeding of broilers. Disease is the main cause of failure to raise broilers. Broilers have weak disease resistance and it is difficult to control chickens once they become ill. Even if they are controlled, they will cause great losses. Therefore, we must take a precautionary approach and formulate a comprehensive disease prevention measure. Treating broiler diseases with headaches and treating foot ailments is of no avail. It is necessary to recognize in advance the possible causes of the disease, block all loopholes, and take measures in such aspects as disinfection, isolation, immunity, medication, environmental control, and nutrition. A comprehensive management approach can be effective. 7. The broiler production must seize the management of the previous period. The mistakes of the previous feeding will directly affect the entire feeding period. Some people believe that the key to the success of broiler rearing is the first three weeks. Actually, the management of the first week, the first three days and even the first day, and the preparations for the day before the hatching will affect the entire feeding period. If the initial environmental control is appropriate and the chickens grow very robust, it is easy to survive the rearing period safely. Many late-stage illnesses are based on mistakes in previous management. 8. Medications in broiler production should generally be concentrated in the early stages. Except for special circumstances, medications are generally not used in the later stages, especially in the week before the sale, taking into account that the possible presence of drug residues in chicken meat will affect the safety of consumers, and it is not allowed to use any drugs. The weight and feed intake of broiler chickens are already very large in the later period of rearing. If the flock is sick at this time and it is necessary to use drugs, the dosage is large and the cost is high, and the administration at this time is generally not effective. Therefore, rational drug use methods are based on the situation of chickens and environmental changes in the early stage, and prevent drug contamination and other measures to protect the health of the flock, so that it can safely spend the rearing period. 9. The late management of broiler production should focus on ventilation. As broilers are large in size, feed intake, and excretion, their exhaled carbon dioxide, body heat released, excreted water, ammonia produced by accumulated chicken manure and plankton in the air Dust, etc., if it cannot be discharged in a timely manner, the living environment in the house will become more and more severe, which will not only seriously affect the growth rate of broilers, but also increase the mortality rate of broilers. In the later period of broiler rearing, the body weight can almost increase by about 1.4 per day, and the death of one will cost about 20 yuan. The importance of late-stage management to improving economic efficiency is self-evident. 10. Broilers must be sold in time. From Table 1, it can be seen that the cumulative feed-to-meat ratio of broilers increases with the increase of the age of the week, and it can be seen that after 8 weeks, the longer the feeding time, the lower the benefit. It can be seen from Table 2 that after 8 weeks of age, the daily weight gain began to decline. Therefore, in order to obtain better benefits, we should pay attention to scientific feeding and management, so that chickens as soon as possible to reach the sale of weight, as soon as possible to sell, timely sale 11, broiler production must use high-energy high-protein full-priced compound feed. Without adequate nutrition, broilers will not be able to fully develop their growth potential, and they will not grow so fast and so well. Broiler feed must be produced from high-quality raw materials, with slight omissions in the feed, which may seriously affect production. Broilers grow fast and it is easy to reveal the deficiency or lack of certain nutrients in the feed. The lack of certain nutrients not only affects the growth, but also affects the chicken's physique and disease resistance. In severe cases, the birds will experience nutritional deficiencies. Instability in the quality of feed ingredients, or incorporation of impurities, or the incorporation of certain toxins, improper feed storage, improper use, mildew, etc., may affect feeding performance. 12, broiler production generally use pellet feed. Compared with powder, the use of pellet feed is less wasteful and the weight gain is also faster. Tables 4 and 5 show the effect on the production performance and the feeding behavior of broilers when using powders and granules. 13, although the broiler production also requires a lot of physical input, but from the above analysis, broiler production is mainly the use of skills, wisdom to manage the production. Second, the characteristics of broilers 1, broilers have a high production performance, performance is rapid growth, high feed remuneration, fast turnover chickens in just 56 days, the average weight can be from 40 grams to 3000 grams or more, eight weeks The growth rate was more than 70 times, and the feed-to-flesh ratio at this time was only about 2:1. 2. Broilers are sensitive to changes in the environment and have weaker adaptability to the environment. They require relatively stable and suitable environments. The suitable temperature for broiler chickens is 1-2°C higher than that for laying chicks, and the time for broiler chicks to reach normal body temperature is about one week later than that for laying chicks. Broilers are also not heat-resistant after they are slightly older, and they are prone to heat-stroke deaths during the high temperatures in summer. The rapid growth of broilers requires a higher oxygen demand. If the ventilation is insufficient in early breeding, the incidence of ascites may be increased. 3, broiler disease resistance is weak. (1) The rapid growth of broilers, most of the nutrients are used for muscle growth, relatively weak disease resistance, prone to some common diseases such as chronic respiratory disease, E. coli disease, once the disease is still not easy to cure. Broiler responses to vaccines are not as sensitive to laying hens, and they often do not have the desired immune effect. They are easily infected if they do not pay attention. (2) The rapid growth of broilers also puts heavy burden on various parts of the body, especially during the three weeks, which makes the body always in a state of stress, which makes it easy for broiler-specific sudden death syndrome and ascites syndrome (genetic diseases). (3) As the broiler's bone growth can not meet the needs of weight gain, it is prone to leg problems. In addition, broilers often suffer from chest cysts, as the broilers have long-term weight support while lying on their chest. 4. One of the advantages of broilers is their gentle temperament and slower movement, which is suitable for large-scale flat raising.