Rf Skin Rejuvenation,Rf Skin Lifting,Rf Skin Tighten Tingmay Beauty Equipment Co., Ltd. , http://www.gz-tattoos.com
How to Cope with Warming of Winter Wheat Production in Coastal Area
How winter wheat production in coastal areas responds to climate warming in winter Ding Tonghua Long Qinghai He Yongfu Wang Guoping Wang Hua Zhang Xiaofeng (Dongtai Agricultural Technology Extension Center 224200) is affected by many factors, and warming in winter has become a worldwide recognized fact. According to analysis by Professor Ding Yihui, a special advisor of the China Meteorological Administration, since the year 1860, the annual average global temperature has increased by 0.6°C, and the warming climate in winter has become more apparent. The warm winter climate has had many influences on the production of winter wheat. This article analyzes the characteristics of winter wheat during the 50 years of growth in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, especially the influence of the warm winter climate in the 1990s on the growth and yield of winter wheat, and proposes how to produce the winter wheat in coastal areas in the future. In response to the actualization of climate warming in winter, we must seek technical decision-making and resilience for disaster relief in order to promote profitability and avoid damage, so as to promote stable and high yield wheat production, increase grain production, and increase farmers' income. 1. Changes of temperature during winter wheat growth in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province in the last 50 years. According to the analysis of meteorological data of Dongtai City (Table 1), from mid-October to early June in the period of winter wheat growing in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, located in the coastal area of ​​Jiangsu and Central China, the average daily temperature was not much in the 18 years before the 1960s. Changes, the average temperature began to rise slowly after entering the 1970s, and the winter warming trend became more pronounced after the 1990s. From the middle of October to the beginning of June in the 1990s, the average daily temperature reached 10.37°C, an average of 9.48°C higher than the previous 38 years, and 0.89°C higher. The growth of winter wheat in this area is not shown in Table 1. Average temperature conditions during winter wheat growth in Dongtai, Jiangsu Province Period 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s 10/s - 6//average daily temperature °C 9.28 9.37 9.62 9.67 10.37 During the same fertility stage, jointing The mean temperature increase from booting to heading and fruiting was relatively small during the past 50 years. It remained basically unchanged in the 1970s and the first 18 years of the 1960s, but it increased by 0.33°C in the 1980s and by 0.41°C in the 1990s compared with the 1970s. The greatest change in temperature during the year is mainly in winter, which is the period of winter wheat, wintering, and returning green (Table 2). In the 12 years since the 1990s, the average temperature in the delivery period (11/middle-12/middle) was 7.82°C, an average increase of 1.19°C from the same period of the previous 38 years of the 1980s, and an average temperature of 3.44 over the winter (12/under-2/middle) period. °C, which is 1.36°C higher than the same period of the previous 38 years, and the average temperature of the jointing period (2/3rd/middle/3rd) is 6.77°C, which is 5.4°C higher than the 5.45°C of the previous 38 years. According to experts from Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau, since 1986, Jiangsu has been warm for 18 consecutive years. Table 2 Average temperature conditions (°C) for different stages of winter wheat in Dongtai, Jiangsu Province. Among them, the time from seeding to emergence and jointing to wintering at the jointing stage, returning to the jointing stage, jointing and booting at the jointing stage, and maturing at the booting stage. 10/Mid-11/upper 11/ Medium-3/ Medium 11/ Medium-12/ Medium 12/ Lower 2/ Medium 2/Lower 3/ Medium 3/ Lower 6/ Upper 3/ Lower 4/ Upper 4/ Medium 6/ 50s 14.16 2.98 6.56 1.99 5.75 15.51 9.81 17.4160 CE 14.65 2.95 6.86 1.83 5.44 15.8 9.66 17.8570 CE 14.91 2.98 6.5 2.12 5.56 15.99 10.13 17.9580 CE 15.2 3.12 6.59 2.37 5.03 16.32 10.24 18.3590 CE 15.71 3.79 7.64 3.12 6.24 16.73 10.41 18.8453-90 Avg 14.73 3.01 6.63 2.08 5.45 15.91 9.96 17.8991-2002 average 14.67 4.82 7.82 3.44 6.77 16.63 11.15 The effect of warm winter climate on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat since the 462s and the 1990s. According to the analysis of meteorological data of Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, during the 12-year period from 1991 to 2002, the average temperature was 4.82°C in the 130 days after the winter wheat sowing began to return to the jointing stage (11/medium-3/middle), compared with 38 in 1953-1990. The average over the same period of the year was 3.01°C, which was 1.81°C higher. The accumulated temperature of activities above zero degrees in this stage reached 626.6°C, an average of 235.3°C over the previous 38 years. The increase of winter temperature and the increase of effective accumulated temperature have many effects on the growth, development and yield of winter wheat. 2.1 Warm winter increases the number of tillers per plant of winter wheat, and eventually the number of panicles increases. According to the investigation of winter wheat system in Dongtai City, under the warm winter climate conditions in 1999, winter wheat reached 1.46 per plant before wintering and 1.44 at wintering, which was compared with normal temperature in the winter of 1992. In comparison, there were 0.47 more tillers per plant before wintering and 0.44 more tillers during wintering. The final number of spikes reached 346,400 and a total of 27,800 spikes. This fully shows that the warm winter is conducive to promoting the delivery of wheat and increasing the number of panicles. 2.2 The warm winter will also lead to winter wheat breeding ahead of the joint, early jointing, vulnerable to cold in winter. Warm winter resulted in early differentiation of young wheat ear, accelerated development process, and advanced jointing period was more obvious. According to the observation data of the Dongtai system, the average jointing period of winter wheat in the 10 years of the 1990s rose from March 18 in the 1980s to March 12 and moved forward 6 days. In 1995 and 1998, the jointing period was advanced to March 6 and March 8 respectively, which was 10-12 days earlier. In the decade of the 1990s, by the end of the overwintering period (February 20), there were three years of the main stem whose leaves were more than seven leaves, and there were two years of late spring, 1995 and 1998 respectively. From April 1-4, 1995, the minimum temperature was -1.3°C, and continuous frost emerged. This led to the early death rate of young stems of young stems of 38.6% for winter sowing; and the cold wave of March 18-19, 1998. During the raid, the average temperature dropped from 14°C on the 18th to 0.1°C on the 19th, and the lowest temperature on the 19th morning was -1.4°C. This led to an earliest frostbite first frost rate of 33.3% for winter sowing, and the secondary frostbite rate. 13.8%. This shows that under warm winter weather conditions, winter sowing earlier winter wheat is prone to frost damage. 2.3 Warm winters tend to cause a high total population of winter wheat and increase the risk of lodging. In the 10 years of the 1990s, on March 20th, the average total seedlings per acre reached 718,000, which was 66,000 seedlings higher than the total seedlings in the same period of the 1980s, which was an increase of 112,000 seedlings over the same period of the 1970s, plus the coastal rainstorms in April and April. With relatively more weather, the danger of lodging has increased significantly. In the 10 years of the 1990s, the winter wheat yield in Dongtai City was reduced by 3 years, accounting for 30% of the total, and was 11.8 percentage points higher than before the 1980s. 3, coping strategies and major measures. Climate is an important environment for agricultural production. Temperature is the main factor affecting the growth and development of winter wheat. Practice has proved that winter warming is having an increasing impact on winter wheat production, and this trend is still developing. Therefore, we must formulate appropriate strategies for winter wheat production based on the actual conditions of winter warming, and take active measures to maximize benefits and avoid disadvantages. 3.1 choose suitable varieties of local conditions. Coastal regions must use the varieties of roads according to their climate characteristics and planting habits. In general, winter varieties should be used between Huanghuai and Huaihe River, while semi-winter species should be better in the northern areas of the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, while spring varieties should be the dominant species in the southern areas, and spring varieties should be planted in the south of the Yangtze River. Especially in the south of Yangtze River and in the south of the Yangtze River, there are frequent rainy weather in April and May, and it is necessary to use a variety of varieties with good stain resistance and good resistance to head blight. 3.2 Properly postponed sowing time. In the winter warming climate conditions, the sowing time of winter wheat should be appropriately delayed to prevent jointing before winter and suffer freezing injury. The specific seeding time should aim at the overwintering of strong seedlings. The spring varieties should be accumulatively heated at 400°C before wintering (December 20th), 450°C at half winter, and 500°C at winter, combined with local climate characteristics. Reasonably determined. The sowing time is generally delayed by 7-10 days from the sowing time determined in the 1980s to the early 1990s, so as to avoid sowing premature birth and causing freezing injury. 3.3 appropriate to reduce the amount of sowing. In winter, the warming of winter wheat has accelerated the rate of leaf emergence and the number of tillers has increased. Therefore, in winter wheat production, it is necessary to make full use of the advantages of warmer winter temperatures, increase the number of tillers and spikes, and to maintain a reasonable total population of winter wheat to reduce the risk of lodging. It is necessary to appropriately reduce the seeding rate and control the starting point of reasonable groups. Generally, the average seedlings per mu are 12-150000, and the seeding rate is reduced by about 20% from the end of the 1990s. 3.4 Science is good for strain management. According to the analysis of the climate warming trend in the past 15 years, the chances of warm winter and late spring appear about once every five years, and the measures should be mainly prevention. In the warm winter climate, it is necessary to timely adopt the winter repression, pouring river mud, laying shop, and removing the seedlings and other agricultural measures for the long-term trend of wheat seedlings, so as to ensure a reasonable total population; during the greening stage, paclobutrazol can be sprayed. 40-50 grams per acre control high down; according to the weather forecast in the spring cold before the appropriate drowning to improve the effect of insulation and increase the effect; the poor balance of the wheat seedlings make up appropriate balance fertilizer, improve plant cold resistance; cold After the frostbite is caused by transit, it is necessary to compensate for the frostbite and promote the restoration of growth. Generally, the freezing rate of main stem and tillers is below 20%, urea is 5-7.5 kg, frozen frostbite rate is 30-60%, and urea is 10-15 kg. To reduce disaster losses.
Prev Article
Biotechnology Crops Record Record Growth