Rice field cultivation of white fish farming technology

Rice field cultivation of white fish farming technology

At present, paddy fields in alpine mountainous areas in Guizhou are planted 400-500 kg of paddy rice per mu, with a production value of 440--550 yuan, and a net income of 300--400 yuan, which is an effective way to increase the output per unit area of ​​paddy fields and accelerate agricultural restructuring. Steps: In 2002, the author adopted the method of rational land transfer and agricultural lease of rice paddies in the village of Abba in Majiang County to carry out the demonstration of paddy field cultivation of white fish, and achieved net income of 1,908 yuan per mu, which is the net income of a single rice plant. 5 times - 4.3 times, significant economic benefits. The planting and supporting technologies are introduced as follows: I. Selection of plots Water sources are abundant, pollution-free, sewage is convenient, water conservation is strong, plowing depth is deep, fertility is middle-class, rice fields with a plot area of ​​over 1 mu can be used. Planting white fish farming blocks. Second, the planting of white fish farming blocks of the infrastructure 1. The time for excavation of fish pits (fossils) for the construction of fish pits is winter and spring, and the transplanting of loquat seedlings is completed. The total area accounts for 8% of the total area of ​​the plots. The maximum size of each fish pit does not exceed 200 square meters, and the plot area is large. Several fish pits can be evenly excavated. The excavation depth is 1.2m--1.5m. The excavation position is selected at the middle of the field or at the intake, and one side of the fish pit is close to the field ridge for feeding and management. On the other hand, it is possible to grow melons on field ridges and build a melon pedestal with a height of 2.0m, which accounts for 50% of the crater area, on the fish pits, so that the melon vines can be dragged into the scaffolding to produce flowering results. Fish pits are excavated in the shape of squares, rectangles, ellipses, etc. Surrounding the fish pits are concrete mixed soil retaining walls. The purpose of excavating fish pits is to prevent fish from contaminating the fish pits when applying chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and drying in the sun. When the water temperature is high in the summer, the fish can avoid the heat in the fish pits; it is convenient to set points in the fish pits. Feed feed, feed into the fish pit, but also easy to check fish feeding, activities and fish diseases; fish pits can also be used for drought and water storage. 2. Fish ditch excavation is a supporting facility for fish pits. It is a channel for fish to enter Daejeon from a fish pit. Fish ditch is 50cm wide and 60cm wide, and is about 30cm deep. At least one vertical ditch is opened in small fields to connect fish pits; Can dig "10", "#" word ditch, ditch and pits connected, well before the transplanting planting white. 3. Heightening and thickening of field ridges The field ridges for planting white fish farms must be raised and thickened to prevent flooding during the flood season. The earth excavated from the fish pit is generally used to increase the height of the thick field ridge. The height of the ridge is 0.8 m and the width is 0.4 m. 4. Plowshare plots and application of base fertilizers for hydroponic cultivating, according to muddy plough 2 - 4 roads, big eyes mud, duck mud mud, sand mud plough 2 road, squat 1 road, dead yellow mud, Baishan mud Plow 4 roads, 2 roads. In the last step of the ploughshare, the base fertilizer pig, cow dung 1500kg/mu - 2000kg/mu, calcium magnesium phosphate 20kg/mu, compound fertilizer 30kg/mu. The oyster seedlings can be transplanted and the white muddy seedlings can be transplanted. III. Cultivation and management Select the white seedlings and send them in time. From mid-September to early-October, the seedlings were selected at the time of harvest, and the plants with robust, medium height, flat stems, and high purity were selected as leaved plants and marked on the piers. In November-December, cut off the dead leaves from the ground and dig out the piers to remove the male and female plants (more than 9 veins) and the ashes. After 3 days of drying - 4 days, the piers are planted in the fields. Set fire to the dry leaves of muddy water. 2. Transplanting in a timely manner, reasonable dense planting. In late March-early April, seedlings were transplanted and transplanted into the field. The white seedlings were excavated from the field, and each seedling was planted with 2 蘖 -3 蘖 and 3 --4 秧 leaves. 1 plant per plant - 2 strains, the row spacing is taken in a wide and narrow row, ie 1.1mx0.8mx0.8m, planting depth is 3cm - 5cm, irrigation is 8cm - 10cm deep within 5 days - 7 days after planting, seedling survival After the shallow water 2cm - 3cm, to promote childbirth, and timely check seedlings fill seedlings to ensure that the whole seedlings. 3. Scientific fertilization, reasonable water management. Top dressing is based on the principle of “pre-promoting, central control, and post-supply”. After 10 days – 15 days after planting, manure is applied as compound fertilizer 20kg/mu, urea 7kg/mu; 50 days after planting, Ningfu compound fertilizer 20kg/ Mu; After the first pick, the fertilizer fertilizer was applied to 10kg/mu. Irrigation should grasp the principles of "cultivation of shallow water, live trees in deep water, shallow waterlogging, deepening of the water layer in the middle and later stages, and moist overwintering." After transplanting and transplanting, the water depth of 8cm--10cm shall be maintained within 1 week to promote new roots, 2cm--3cm water layer shall be poured after the survival of transplanting, and 15cm-20cm shall be added to the water level of the pregnant quail after delivery. Control ineffective delivery, promote pregnancies, and promote the growth of fish, the late summer and early autumn high temperature season, the night irrigation night, cooling and disease prevention, and promote the growth of bamboo shoots. 4. Weeding in time to eliminate it. During the growing season, the weeds in the field should be ploughed in time, and the plants with dead leaves and old leaf grasses should be stepped into the mud and used as fertilizer during the pre-pregnancy period. When there are more than 10 births, press a piece of mud in the center of the tussock to grow the pods around the pods. Strong tillering power, especially tall plants, and undeveloped plants on the underground stems are male plants that should be removed. 5. Pest control, the right medicine. With prevention as the main treatment, supplemented with treatment, the yellow litter on the mud will be prevented from burning in the field. It can prevent white blight, flaming spot, and gray spot disease from spreading into the field. If any of the above germs appears, it can be used. 50% thiophanate-methyl 800 times or mulsions 800 sprays. There are 90% trichlorfon 800-fold sprays available for insects such as fly locusts and borers. Try to avoid dropping drugs into the field when hitting pesticides, causing the death of fish. 6. Harvest timely to prevent aging. The harvesting standard is that when the internal position of the plant is obviously enlarged, the leaf sheath is separated by the cohesion, the three leaf-filled leaves of the flesh-filled meat are basically aligned, the three outer leaves are long, the heart leaves are shortened, and when the flesh is slightly exposed, timely harvesting is performed. . Do not injure the adjacent litchi when harvesting. Normally harvest it 4 days - 5 days until the harvest is over. Fourth, fish culture management Fry species input time 10 days prior to transplanting the white seedlings, the fish pits were sterilized. Newly built fish pits should be soaked in cement for 7 days and soaked in fresh water for 7 days before they are soaked in fresh water for 7 days before they can be released. The old pits are 0.25 kg/m3 of stocked fingerlings. When the fish is released, Soak the fish with 3%-5% saline for 5 minutes to prevent fish disease. 2. The number of fingerlings for fish stock raising is based on multi-species polyculture. The breeding pattern is determined according to the water source and area of ​​white water, and the fish culture is mainly based on leeches. It is possible to feed 600 trout fingerlings of 4 inches to 5 inches in length. There are 100 grass carp species, and 30 each. 3. The bait is fed mainly with vegetable oil and wheat bran, and self-prepared mixed feed or purchased fish-specific feed is fed regularly and quantitatively. 4. Prevention of fish disease is mainly prevention and supplemented by treatment. During the cultivation period, the bleaching powder shall be splashed with water once every 20 days.

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