Clary
Bentgrass, also known as creeping bentgrass, is a perennial grass native to Eurasia and widely used in high-quality, low-cut lawns. Its name comes from its strong stolons that spread along the ground, developing new roots and shoots at their nodes. It thrives in wet grasslands and is commonly found in northern China, including the Northeast, North, Northwest, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces.
Botanically, it is a herb with long rhizomes, erect or reclined basal joints. The leaf sheaths are smooth, shorter than the internodes below, and shorter than the internodes above. The ligule is membranous, oblong, 2–3 mm long, with a suborbicular tip and slight lobing. The leaf blade is linear, 7–9 cm long, flattened, up to 5 mm wide, with the edges curled inward and slightly rough edges and veins. The panicle is oval, 7–12 cm long and 3–8 cm wide, usually with two branches that grow nearly horizontally, with the lower part exposed. The spikelets are dark purple.
Bentgrass is well adapted to cold and wet environments and has been introduced into transitional and colder regions of warm, humid areas. It is one of the most cold-tolerant turfgrasses. In spring, it greens slowly, and in fall, it turns yellow earlier than bluegrass. While it can survive midsummer heat, its stems and roots may suffer damage. Proper drainage, irrigation, and disease control are essential during hot soil conditions. It tolerates partial shade but grows best in full sun. It is resistant to foot traffic and adapts to various soils, but thrives in fertile, medium-acidic, well-drained fine soils with an optimal pH of 5.5–6.5. It has better salt and flood tolerance than most cool-season grasses but does not perform well in compacted soils.
For establishment and maintenance, bentgrass can be seeded or propagated through stolons. A high-quality lawn can be achieved when mowed at 1.8 cm or less. Mowing too high can lead to excessive stolon growth and reduced turf quality. Regular fertilization helps reduce stolon layer buildup, while vertical mowing promotes new shoot growth and root development. Nitrogen requirements are around 2.5–5.0 g/m² per growing month for uncut turf and 2.0–3.5 g/m² for higher-mowed turf. Bentgrass is highly susceptible to diseases such as dollar spot, brown patch, helotium blight, Fusarium wilt, Pythium blight, red thread, smut, and gray snow mold. Frequent fungicide applications are necessary in vulnerable areas.
In terms of use, bentgrass produces the most beautiful and detailed lawns at low mowing heights. At 0.5–0.75 cm, it is ideal for bowling greens. In China, it is also used for high-quality, intensively managed lawns like golf courses, teeing areas, and fairways. Due to its aggressive stolons, it rarely mixes well with upright, cold-season grasses. It is also used for winter seeding in warm-season turfgrass lawns, often blended with other cool-season grasses.
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