Seeing from the production of autumn grain, maintaining the good momentum of stable food development

At present, it is an important time for the growth, development and yield of autumn grain. Affected by extremely anomalous climate, this year's food production has become a topic of widespread concern. How is the current autumn grain growing? What new situations and new problems have you encountered? Can food production throughout the year maintain a good harvest year after year? In this regard, the reporter interviewed the relevant department heads and experts -

What is the current autumn grain production situation in August? The Three Gorges Land, the scorching sun, green rice fields, late rice and autumn grain production are in full swing.

In order to understand the situation of autumn grain production, Minister of Agriculture Han Changfu went deep into the rice fields of Chunhua Town and Orchard Town in Changsha County, Hunan Province, and talked with peasants, agricultural technicians and grassroots officials about the conditions of late rice planting, pest control, and fertilization.

Hunan is the largest rice province and is the province with the highest yield of late rice. Hunan Provincial Party Committee and Provincial Government attach great importance to food production and actively take effective measures to mobilize the enthusiasm of the majority of farmers.

High-yielding high-quality rice in Chunhuashan Village in Chunhua Town was used to create a demonstration plot of 10,000 mu. Han Changfu went to the farmer Wang Changsong in the rice field to understand the conditions of late rice seedlings, fertilization, and early rice prices. Wang Changsong is pleased to say that the price of early rice this year is better than last year, selling more than 5 yuan per 100 kg. Now that the temperature is high and the late rice grows, the seedling condition is better than the same period of last year. If the high temperature continues in the later period, the yield per mu can exceed 1,000 pounds.

In the large-scale demonstration area for organic cultivation of high quality rice in Xinming Village of Guoyuan Town, Han Changfu affirmed the organic cultivation techniques in rice fields. He said that as the country's modern agricultural demonstration base, it should take the lead and vigorously develop the production of organic rice, and produce high-yield, high-quality, safe and ecological rice for the market and consumers. The technician explained that this demonstration field has adopted a method of specializing in unified prevention and control, such as biological control techniques such as sexual attractant killing, Trichogramma beetle killing, weed killing in paddy fields, and so on, achieving the purpose of pest control.

In the northeast region, the production of japonica rice and autumn grain in the north is also in full swing. Northeast China is an important autumn grain and japonica rice production area in China, accounting for one-fifth of the country's grain area and production. Indica rice accounts for 46% of the country's total, and production accounts for more than 50%. Doing a good job in the production of japonica rice and autumn grain in the northeast can win the initiative for the harvest of grain in the whole year.

The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to the production of japonica rice and food in the Northeast. In April, a subsidy policy for rice sheds was introduced to support the development of indica rice production in the Northeast. In response to the delay in the spring broadcast this year and the increased risk of early frost exposure, the State Council has recently introduced policies and measures to support rice and autumn grain production. The central government has allocated 300 million yuan to increase fertilization and promote early maturation and prevention of 60,000 mu of japonica rice in Northeast China. Insect assistance.

Academician Chen Wenfu, member of the Rice Experts Group of the Ministry of Agriculture, analyzed the situation of rice production in Northeast China this year. If there are no major disasters in the later period, the main producing areas in northeast China will be a bumper year. He said that although the rice transplanting season in Northeast China has been delayed by an average of 7 days to 10 days compared with the normal year this year, the high-temperature and fine weather in late May and early and mid-June has provided excellent conditions for paddy rice transplanting and post-planting. After transplanting, it was generally expressed as returning green and fast, waking early, giving birth faster, and the birth process was significantly accelerated. At present, maize and rice grow well in most areas in the northeast, and they have the basis for harvesting bumper crops.

At present, the national autumn grain growth is generally better. According to the agricultural dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture, it is estimated that the area of ​​autumn grain in China this year will be 1.149 billion mu, an increase of 13 million mu over the previous year.

Whether the pattern of basic balance of supply and demand in the grain market will change the food in the hands of people and it will not be alarmed. This year's harvest of summer foods has given consumers and food markets a "concentrated pill." The total output of summer grain is 246.2 billion kilograms. Although it is slightly lower than the previous year, it is still the third highest production year in history. Among them, the output of winter wheat, the main variety of summer grain, is still higher than that of the previous year, and the increase in production has been achieved for the seventh consecutive year.

However, the climate in the first half of the year was extremely anomalous, and its lagging effect has still become a serious flaw in grain production, which has directly led to a small reduction in early rice production due to calamities. Early rice is a seasonal food crop between summer grain and autumn grain. Fortunately, its share is small. It did not have a serious impact on food production throughout the year. The area and output of autumn grain account for more than 70% of the annual grain production. The pattern of realizing annual grain production targets and stabilizing the balance between supply and demand in the grain market mainly depends on the autumn grain.

The vast majority of consumers are not only concerned with the issue of the quantity of food supplies, they are also very concerned about food prices. According to the monitoring of the National Development and Reform Commission, the average purchase price of three types of grain in the first half of the year was 12.3% higher than the same period of last year. The price of japonica rice and corn has risen more. The price of new wheat has opened higher and the market has gained more quickly in the initial period. Analysts believe that there are expected factors for the reduction of food production due to disasters, but what is important is that the state regulates the price of agricultural products (18.12, 0.32, 1.80%). In recent years, China's grain harvest has been consecutive, inventory is abundant, and the ratio of inventory to consumption has reached more than 40%, which greatly exceeds the internationally recognized level of safety line of 17% to 18%. It is certain that food prices will remain stable and increase slightly.

Relevant person in charge said that in recent years, the national agricultural product price control policy system has been gradually improved, and the goal is to promote domestic food prices to rise steadily and slightly. From the first half of the year, the food price in the domestic market continued to rise steadily.

The head of the Development and Reform Commission's Price Division said that there has been no overall increase in the grain prices on the international market. From the perspective of the prices of major domestic and international grain varieties, the grain prices in the international market are currently substantially lower than the domestic market. Even if the price of wheat in the international market increases significantly, it will not cause any significant impact on prices in the domestic market.

In fact, as China's wheat, corn, and rice production maintain a basic balance for many years, and the import volume is very small, less than 1% of the total domestic grain output, all main grain varieties except soybeans can be self-sufficient, and domestic food price changes are basically not affected. Due to the influence of the international market, the large fluctuations in food prices in the international market have had limited impact on the domestic market.

The person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture stated that the pattern of basic balance between supply and demand in the grain market in the second half of the year will not change, but it must pay great attention to extreme domestic abnormal climate effects.

Whether the goal of grain harvest in the whole year can achieve multiple rounds of heavy rains in the southern region in the near future, and at the same time there are some places where the dry elephants rise, which will have a certain impact on the normal growth and development of autumn grain crops. There are still many uncertainties such as weather changes in the later period. Can China achieve the goal of stabilizing its grain output by more than 1 trillion kilograms every year?

At present, the late rice in the South is in an important period of field management. The autumn grain enters a crucial period of growth and development and yield formation. The continuous low-temperature floods in the early period increased the risk of late-season rice exposure to the “cold dew wind”, and the subsequent concentration of typhoons and tropical cyclones will also increase the threat of pests and diseases. Late rice and autumn grain production will face “big exams”.

“At present, the biggest uncertainty in autumn grain production is late rice. Late rice planting period is postponed accordingly. The planting period in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is delayed by about 7 days compared with the normal year, resulting in a large age, reduced tillering force, delayed growth period, and increased The risk of cold dewness in the later period may lead to heading and flowering, and increase the empty shell rate.” Han Changfu, Minister of Agriculture, said, “The late rice has just been transplanted and returned to green. There are still more than two months from the harvest to strengthen management and harvest the harvest. There is a lot of room.”

The head of the China Rice Research Institute and the chief scientist of the National Modern Rice Industry Technical System program Hua Huan believes that since early rice accounts for less than 20% of the annual rice production, the key is to manage the field management of middle and late rice as long as the middle and late rice fields are well managed. There is no major meteorological disaster. The harvest this year is still promising.

The leaders of the Ministry of Agriculture specially reminded the local agricultural cadres during the field survey in the field that they should do a good job in the quality of fertilizers and should not allow the inferior farmers to injure farmers. At the same time, it is required that agricultural departments at all levels should regard grasping autumn grain production as the most important and urgent task in current agricultural work. We must base our efforts on preventing and reducing disasters and implement the measures for early response. To highlight the key points and strengthen the monitoring and prevention and control of rice blast disease. Strengthen pest monitoring, timely release pest information, early preparation of pesticides, medical equipment, implementation of prevention and control responsibilities, and resolutely curb the outbreak of rice blast. Vigorously carry out unified defense rules and improve control effectiveness. We must strengthen guidance services and ensure that all technologies are put in place. Organize experts and agricultural technicians, in-depth production lines, carry out technical guidance, and implement key technologies. We will use the role of high-yield to create demonstration films, conduct on-site observations, promote practical technologies, and expand demonstration effects. Organize agricultural technicians to assist rural counties and townships, guide villagers, enter villages, and promote the implementation of various measures. To play the role of agricultural machinery, grab the rush to grab the particles to return to the warehouse. Make preparations for receiving autumn ground preparation earlier. Organize timely harvesting of agricultural machinery, actively carry out cross-regional harvesting, speed up the harvest progress, improve the quality of harvest, and ensure that the grain is returned to the warehouse.

Han Changfu said recently: “To seize the good harvest of autumn crops, especially late-season rice production, and make every effort to maintain a good momentum of stable food development, is crucial to safeguarding market supply, managing inflation expectations, and responding to new changes in the international food market.”