Diseases and Prevention of Rabbits - Staphylococcal Disease

The pathogen of Staphylococcus aureus is Staphylococcus aureus. It is a Gram-positive, flagella-free, non-spore-producing bacterium. It is round or ovoid in shape. Hemolysis can occur. The bacteria are widely distributed in the natural world. Air, feed, drinking water, rabbit fur, rabbit houses, etc. are all present, especially in dirty and damp places. The bacteria have strong resistance to external environmental factors (high temperature, dryness, freezing, etc.) and can survive for 1 month in dry swelling juice, withstand 20 minutes in damp heat, and quickly die in boiling; and cause disease to meat rabbits. It is particularly powerful and can produce a variety of toxins that cause morbidity and mortality. Although the bacterium is sensitive to sulfa drugs and antibiotics, it has many drug-resistant strains and it brings a lot of inconvenience to the treatment. In the commonly used disinfectants, the 5% carbolic acid solution has a stronger disinfection effect and can be killed within 5 minutes. [Symptoms and lesions] Different symptoms and pathological changes are exhibited depending on where the bacteria invade and the form in which they continue to spread. Metastatic sepsis: The formation of % or several abscesses in the subcutaneous or visceral organs, surrounded by connective tissue sac, of varying sizes, palpation soft and elastic. If the abscess is formed in the internal organs, the function is affected accordingly, and infertility and paralysis can occur. If you suffer from a subcutaneous abscess, the systemic symptoms are not obvious. After 10 months, you can rupture yourself and discharge a thick, white sour cream-like pus. Sometimes the ulcer is persistent and if it is not treated in time, the pus will be contaminated and Stimulate other skin, cause scratching of the rabbit and skin damage, pathogen invasion of the machine to form a new abscess. Pathogens in the pus often invade the bloodstream and transfer to other sites where abscesses are formed. Therefore, metastatic sepsis is called. When the abscess of the internal organs ruptures, systemic infection occurs and septicemia occurs, and the diseased rabbit rapidly dies. At the time of necropsy, there are abscesses in the subcutaneous tissue, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, testes, and joints. Most visceral abscesses often have connective tissue capsules, and the membrane breaks out of milky white oily pus. Rabbit sepsis sepsis: The disease often occurs in one-day-old puppies, miliary abscess appears on the skin, treatment is not timely, was sepsis within 1 day and died. About 10 days of age can also occur in rabbits, abscesses such as soybean size, longer duration, higher mortality. At the time of necropsy, most of the lungs and heart had small white pustules. Mastitis: Mostly appear in the first few days after delivery. If the female rabbit has too little milk, the nipple will be easily bitten by the pups and infected by Staphylococcus. If the milk is too thick, the milk is too prosperous, the pups can't eat it, and the degeneration of the milk causes swelling and inflammation of the breast, which can also lead to the disease. occur. In the acute form, the breasts are swollen, reddening or even bluish-purple, with pus, curd, and even blood in the milk. The rabbits are feverish, depressed, and have lost appetite. In the chronic form, different sizes are formed in the subcutaneous or in the breast parenchyma, the boundary is clear, and the hard nodules are later softened into abscesses. At the time of the necropsy, it was seen that the connective tissue in the breast and abdomen became suppurative and was milky or pale yellow oily. Rabbit yellow diarrhea (also known as acute enteritis of puppies): pups sucking breast milk suffering from acute maternal inflammation caused by intestinal inflammation, watery diarrhea, the general occurrence of whole nest. The anus and hind limbs of the pups were contaminated with yellow water-like excrement. They were damp, rancid, and they were drowsy throughout the day. Their body was soft and thin, and the course of disease was one day. The mortality rate was high. At the time of necropsy, the intestinal mucosa was congested and bleeding. The jejunum was filled with mucus and the bladder accumulated urine. Foot dermatitis: The wire cage floor often causes this disease. Lesions on the soles of the rabbit's feet, toes, initial congestion, swelling, hair removal, after the formation of long-standing bleeding ulcers. Rabbits do not want activities, loss of appetite, weight loss, serious systemic infection was septicemia and death. [Diagnosis] According to various types of clinical manifestations and pathological changes, diagnosis can generally be made and, if necessary, bacteriological examinations can be performed. [Prevention] Keep rabbit cages, playgrounds and utensils clean and hygienic, eliminate all sharp objects, so as not to cause trauma to meat rabbits. Cage feeding should not be congested, and fierce combative rabbits should be kept separately. The grass should be soft, dry and clean. The female rabbits should carefully observe the milk secretion after delivery. If the milk is insufficient, high-quality feeds and juicy feeds should be appropriately added, or some of the puppies should be given to other female rabbits; if the milk is too much or too concentrated, the concentrate should be properly reduced. [Treatment] Subcutaneous abscesses are surgically treated, surgically removed and cleared of necrotic tissue, washed with hydrogen peroxide solution or potassium permanganate solution, and then coated with iodine glycerin or sprinkled with anti-inflammatory powder. The skin abscess of septic sepsis in the pups of rabbits can be punctured with a sterile needle to remove the pus from the psoriasis and then smeared with a sulphonamide ointment or rubbed with gentian violet alcohol solution. At the same time, the female rabbits were intramuscularly injected with 100,000 units of penicillin and 50,000 rabbits were given systemic treatment. For rabbits suffering from foot dermatitis, the affected area may be treated with gentian violet. If the affected area is ulcerated, potassium permanganate solution or hydrogen peroxide solution may be used to wash the ulcer surface and surrounding skin, and then use iodine tincture or gentian violet alcohol solution. Rub or apply sulphonamide ointment. At the same time, systemic penicillin treatment can be performed. Tawny yellow urine to treat female rabbits, oral administration of sulfathiazole 10 grams per kilogram body weight, and even served 2 days, or intramuscular injection of penicillin, and daily with dandelion, violet and other fresh grass to reduce the concentrate feed. Rabbits were treated with 5 drops of oxytetracycline or chloramphenicol eye drops. China Agricultural Network Editor

Posted on June 08, 2018