Patchouli pollution-free cultivation techniques
Patchouli is a natural medicine from Guangdong. For a long time, traditional cultivation has been carried out in Guangzhou, Gaoyao, Zhaoqing, Zhanjiang and other places. The current market price is around 12 yuan/kg. After joining the WTO, pollution-free cultivation and production are increasingly important. For this reason, the author combines many years of research to summarize this article for the reference of producers everywhere. Selection of site preparation sites First, the selection of sheltered pollution-free forest slopes, mountain terraces, paddy fields, dry fields, riverside alluvial, five villages in the village planted. As long as the soil is soft, moist and fertile, it can be grown. Hillside slopes should not be too large, about 13 degrees or less, requiring no flushing and good water retention. The soil should be selected from sandy loam with good permeability, especially humus-rich brown soil or black sandy loam. The soil layer should be deep and the pH of the soil should be pH 4.5-5.5. It is cultivated in low mountain areas with an altitude of 50-200 meters. The climate is cool and moderate. During the dry season, there is a regulation of wet fog and rain, and if it is managed properly, the growth will be strong and the harvest will be equally good. Second, soil preparation is usually done before the harvest, deep plowing soil, fertilizer application, open 1-1.3 meters wide sorghum. The cultivation of patchouli in Guangdong is often carried out in rotation with crops. After harvesting the crops in the winter, the fields are ploughed and dried so that the soil is fully weathered, the fertility and ground temperature are increased, the soil fertilizer is applied, the peanut bran is used as the base fertilizer, and the cultivars are ploughed until the following year. Turn it over, and then make it 60 cm wide and 30-40 cm high. The width of the sulcus is 30 centimeters wide, depending on the topography of the terrain. The swaying direction of the sluice is preferably the same as the gutter from the high to the low, so as to facilitate rapid drainage and flooding during the storm season. Propagation method Patchouli is rare in our country's producing areas for flowering and fruiting, so it is used for cutting propagation or tissue culture propagation of stems (such as the separation of patchouli leaves, shoots, buds, cell culture and propagation of test tube seedlings, or large-scale plants, shed indoor large-capacity The bed type stratified three-dimensional cell culture propagates musk varieties. In view of the propagation conditions and the practicality of popularization and popularization, this article mainly introduces stem propagation cutting propagation in the field in Daejeon. Stem branch cutting propagation can be divided into two kinds of cutting seedlings transplanting and field line. First, cutting seedlings transplanting traditional cutting seedling propagation is to cut the end of long shoots on the branches of the mother shoots about 15-20 cm for propagation material, so that the mother plant strain on the growth of great damage, seriously affecting the year The yield and quality, and waste a lot of branches and cuttings. Therefore, in the research project of the project “Planting Patchouli Excellent Germplasm Screening and High-yield New Technologyâ€, the author tried to change the traditional long cutting cuttings to create short cuttings (5-10 cm, retaining 1-2 sections). According to the comparative test, the high yield of the panicle blast cuttings was also obtained. The survival rate was as high as 95%, which was 10-15 kilograms more than the 200-300 yuan per mu of cuttings of the long panicle. The method will be introduced as follows for appropriate reference to local conditions. The cutting period should be selected during the warm and rainy season. Every spring (2-4 months) or fall (July-August), cuttings are carried out when the temperature rises or during the rainy season. Generally selected more than 5 months, thick, dense, small and thick leaves, pest-free shoots for cutting propagation. The cuttings should cut the lateral branches of the main stem above the middle, with a length of 20-30 cm, with 6-8 knots per treaty, and 3-4 knots in the lower part. The cut branches were then cut into small pieces of 5-10 cm in length, and each section was left with 1-2 sections. One long section was cut into 4-7 sections. The branches and shears used for shearing should be sharp, and the force should be balanced. The cutting should be smooth and tidy. Do not tear the main stem and the branch skin so as to affect the survival rate of the mother plant and the cuttings. After cutting into 5-10 cm long cuttings, each small cutting, leaving the top two large leaves and small heart leaves, in the whole oysters on the line spacing 10 cm open horizontal groove, groove depth of about 10 cm, every 5 - Insert 6 centimeters. Need to insert 10-15 kilograms per acre. Autumn plant spacing can be denser. The depth of insertion is about 2/3 of the cutting depth. Only the top leaves of the cuttings are exposed, the covering is flush, the water is poured, and the cuttings are tightly integrated with the soil, covered with straw or other fine grass, the thickness is only The cuttings reveal the top bud as a degree, so that it can play a role in shade. After about 10-13 days, the rooting usually starts, and 25-30 days can be transplanted. This method is most suitable for the source of patchouli propagation material (cutting), but it is popular for use in areas with adequate rainfall. Second, Daejeon line interpolation method Daejeon line interpolation method is a rapid propagation method of fresh cutting of patchouli without inserting the seedling nursery stage directly into the planting field. The specific method is to select the top of shoots with thick stems and no pests at the beginning of April-May, and cut about 15-20 cm for cuttings. The selected cuttings had obvious "Bu, Bu" sounds when cut, and the white part of the pith was better, and the survival rate was more than 90%. According to the specifications of the plant spacing 30 cm 40 cm, into the "product" shaped line into the field. According to the author's test, as long as the watering and sun protection are enhanced, the survival rate of the planting line is high, and the growth is rapid, and the link of nursery and transplanting can be reduced. At the same time, after harvesting the grain, the field yield will not decrease, but will increase. Because at this time high temperatures, high humidity, adequate water, it is the strong growth of musk, after the ear can trigger the growth of new shoots, and at the same time increase the availability of fertilizer to increase production, to June to July can be harvested on time. According to the author's research, the cultivation of patchouli in the field cultivation method should be carried out. It is best to interplant with crops. For example, in the early spring of February, cucumbers or eggplants are planted on one side of the loquat, and ginger or beans are planted on a late one-season basis. Cultivated between the cucumber strains of patchouli; can also be used to plant bitter gourd, sponge gourd or wax gourd between patchouli, shade shades of patchouli seedlings with the shed to adjust the light requirements of the musk in the fast growing season. Planting season Patchouli planting time is mainly determined based on the season of the above-mentioned cutting and breeding seedlings (with the exception of field straight line interpolation). Generally, it can be planted in spring, autumn and winter, and spring plants are often used in the south, while autumn plants are used in the north. Planting can catch the start of the rainy season or during the rainy season. Because at this time the temperature is high, the water is abundant, and the air is humid, which is conducive to rooting. The historical customs of the Guangzhou city are before and after Qingming, and the Hainan Wanning is from June to August, or from October to December (mostly in October). This is the main planting season. Choose a cloudy or sunny evening, dig a hole by 30 centimeters and 40 centimeters and apply enough basal fertilizer, one for each hole. Before showering, it is necessary to inject enough water to reduce the number of wounded roots and increase the number of soil. This will help to survive. After planting, the soil shall be compacted. If there is no shade of the crop, it shall be covered with water or covered with scaffolds. Field management 1. Irrigation and drainage at a proper time. Patchouli is both afraid of dryness and is afraid of earthworms. Before planting or planting roots, water once in the morning and in the evening (depending on the climate of the place of origin and the degree of water retention in the soil), the amount of water should not be excessive. To wet the face for the degree. In the process of growth, in the event of drought, the surface of the surface is whitish, and the water must be irrigated. Once every 5-8 days, the water will be introduced into the sulcus, reaching a depth of 1/2-2/3 of the height of the alfalfa. Slowly soaked wet noodles. If water is not irrigated, it will be sprayed in the morning and evening, and will be increased once in the morning and in the afternoon. In case of rainy season or heavy rain, pay attention to drainage and prevent water accumulation, so as to avoid root rot and plant death. Therefore, in planting patchouli in paddy fields, it is necessary to build tall troughs and deep ravines to prevent excessive accumulation of rainwater and affect the normal growth of patchouli. Second, fill seedlings and interspecies 1. Patch Marrow Patchouli after planting, it is necessary to promptly make up the seedlings, in the absence of shoots, to cover the straw, as shade. After replenishing the seedlings, it is necessary to always moisturize and moisturize. At this time, about 20 centimeters of water can be filled in the row of ditch. In addition to the capillary action of the soil, keep it moist. When the temperature is high and the evaporation is great, use a spoon to sprinkling water on the stems and leaves at any time. On the other hand, in addition to being supplemented and consumed, it can also reduce the atmospheric temperature and increase the relative humidity of air, which is very beneficial to the growth of musk. 2, in order to make full use of land, space, light energy, it is best to plant vegetables (butterfly, ginger, beans, melons, etc.) between patchouli, through interspecies, increase fertilizer, can inhibit the growth of weeds . You can also plant velvet plants such as gourd, gourd, bitter gourd, and cumin in the middle of the field, and use the shed to shade the seedlings of patchouli, which is very beneficial to its growth. After the author's experiments in Guangzhou Huadu, Panyu and other places, interplanting of Pueraria lobata in the patchouli field has a remarkable effect. Third, weeding and weeding in the middle of spring and nursery period, and the early stage of planting, weeds grow fast, and is the rainy season, the soil is easy to compact, weeding and loose soil. Cultivated weeding can be combined with the management of intercropping crops simultaneously. During the growing process, earth is also grown on patchouli, and in order to accelerate the decay of organic fertilizer and protect plant growth, the mud in the ditch is often dug up and cultivated around the base of the plant to promote how long the plant branches and prevent winds. inverted. Fourth, rational fertilization, the regulation of root and shoot ratio of patchouli is a short cycle, high yield crops, in the case of base fertilizer, but also reasonable dressing, in order to obtain high yield, from planting to harvest, must be fertilized 6-7 times. Fertilizers are mainly decomposed human and animal wastes. The dosage per acre is 500-700 kilograms plus water 7 times, or ammonium sulfate 5-6 kilograms, 200 kilograms per kilogram of water. Do not apply fertilizer to the stem base. The interval between fertilization varies depending on the length of the growing season. In the suburbs of Guangzhou, it is applied every 60 days or so, after cutting or planting roots to survive, fertilize with 1:10-1:20 concentration of human or animal manure water or 0.5%-1% ammonium sulfate (half urea). should. Because the final harvest of patchouli is based on the stems, branches and leaves of the vegetative organs, re-application of nitrogenous fertilizer and an increase in the ratio of carbon to nitrogen can promote the rapid growth of vegetative organs in the aboveground and underground parts, making them more quickly formed. A wide crown and lay the material foundation for high quality and high production. Therefore, more water and fertilizer should be applied in the dry season. Can also be applied pig manure silt manure, 3,000 kilograms per acre, fertilization should grasp the principle of light after the thick, thin Shi Qin Shi principles. Fifth, anti-frost need winter patchouli, especially young plants planted in summer and autumn, cold resistance is poor, so there are frost areas, to the beginning of winter should cover grass or scaffolding frost, or blocking the north wind surface, plus Cover plastic film to keep warm and prevent freezing. It is best to apply pig manure in the late autumn, add fire ash, and burn mud to keep warm. Musk, which was planted in September, can also be planted with rape or other high-stalked broad-leaved winter crops in early October to prevent frost and cold. Disease Prevention and Control I. Root rot occurs in the roots and rot occurs at the junction of the underground stem roots and gradually spreads to the upper part of the plants. The cortex turns brown and rots, wilt and dead. In the hot summer and hot summer seasons, where the drainage is poor, the disease is particularly serious. Control methods: 1, timely removal of diseased plants burned: lime disinfected planting; summer planting shade crops, or covered with grass; rainy season to remove water; can not even make. 2, after the onset of the disease can be firmly embedded in soil pressure sticks, let it sprout roots, and then remove the diseased plants, sprinkle with lime disinfection. 3, you can use 50% carbendazim 800-1000 times the roots to prevent bacteria spread, spread. 2. Keratopathy Keratopathy is a bacterial disease, which mainly damages the leaves and begins to appear as water-stained lesions. Later, it gradually expands into a brown, brown spot, and the leaves dry out. The disease occurs in the high temperature and high humidity season. It does not occur under conditions of shading or shading. Poor plant growth and more serious disease. Control methods: 1. Strengthen field management, remove water in time, plant shade crops, and improve ventilation and light transmission conditions. 2. The Bordeaux mixture was sprayed 1:1.5:120 at the beginning of the onset and sprayed once every 7-10 days for 2-3 consecutive times. Pest control 1. Aphid worms, also known as civet, belong to the family Homoptera. They use adults and nymphs to suck nutrients on tender shoots, damage leaves and shoots, affect growth, and severely affect plant growth. With stems eaten, resulting in reduced production. Control methods: spray with 40% dimethoate or 80% dichlorvos EC 1200-1500 times, once every 7-10 days, even spray 2-3 times; also use 2.5% rattan essential oil 800-1000 times spray Can also be sprayed with smoke and bone water, the effect is good, the latter two kinds of pollution-free pesticides should be vigorously promoted. Second, the leaf leafhopper damages the leaves, and the larvae on the young shoots and young leaves are coiled on the leaves and hidden in the leaves. Control methods: Diluted 300-400 times with trichlorfon spray. 3. The red spider, the head of the red-spotted spider, eat the leaves, and the red spider spits silk on the growth points and leaves of the plants, eats the leaves, and finally leaves only the veins to form a bald head, which affects photosynthesis and causes poor plant growth. Control methods: Red spider can use 40% Dimethoate 1200-1500 times solution, or 1000-1500 times of diclofenac EC, or 80% dichlorvos EC 1000-1200 times solution to spray; Diploid can use 90% crystal trichlorfon 400-500 Doubling, or 1200-1500 times as much as 50% phosphoamine, or 300-400 times with 25% DDT Emulsion. 4. Earthworms, badgers, earthworms, earthworms, earthworms, and other pests, eat bite young roots and bite off seedlings. You can use the trichlorfon to make bait poison, or use artificial capture. China Agricultural Network Editor
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