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Guard against the outbreak of Spodoptera litura
In recent years, the rapid adjustment of agricultural planting structures has led to a significant expansion in the cultivation of specialty cash crops such as lotus root, alfalfa, and vegetables. Meanwhile, crops like soybeans and peanuts continue to occupy large areas. The threat posed by *Spodoptera litura* has become increasingly severe, escalating from a minor pest to a major concern in many regions. This pest is highly destructive, affecting a wide range of crops including lotus, taro, cabbage, radish, and other vegetables, as well as plants from over 99 families and more than 290 species, such as solanaceae, cucurbitaceae, legumes, onions, spinach, and sweet potatoes. Its damage can result in substantial yield losses.
*Spodoptera litura* thrives in warm and humid conditions, often causing localized outbreaks that are sporadic in nature. The most severe infestations typically occur between July and August. With lush crop growth during this period, the problem becomes even more pronounced. In many parts of our province, the rainfall in May and June has been higher than usual, and the elevated temperatures create ideal conditions for the reproduction and spread of this pest. Therefore, it is crucial to remain vigilant and implement preventive measures to avoid potential outbreaks.
One effective method to control adult *Spodoptera litura* is through light trapping. These moths are attracted to artificial lights, with their gray-brown wings featuring distinctive gray-white markings and patterns. A notable feature is the three horizontal white lines on the middle of the wings. In areas where the infestation is widespread, installing a frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp on 40-50 acres can be an efficient solution. Villages or natural areas can organize collectively to manage these devices, ensuring coordinated efforts. This technique has proven effective and is worth promoting. For smaller farms, simple methods like placing a single lamp per five acres, with a basin of water mixed with a small amount of diesel oil underneath, can also work well. These techniques are cost-effective and familiar to farmers.
Another approach involves using sweet and sour traps. Since *Spodoptera litura* adults are active at night and are strongly attracted to black light and sweet-sour liquids, they can be lured effectively. During the adult stage, a mixture of 10 parts sugar, 1 part wine and vinegar, and 8 parts water can be prepared, with a small amount of trichlorfon added. This solution is placed in the field at night, approximately 15 cm above the ground, with one trap per mu. The traps are collected in the morning, and each generation lasts about 10 days. Alternatively, willow twigs soaked in 500 times diluted dipterex liquid can be used—seven to eight sticks per mu, hung upside down near the crops. This method helps eliminate a large number of adults, significantly reducing larval infestations.
Egg collection and larval capture are also effective strategies. *Spodoptera litura* eggs are usually laid in clusters on the back of leaf blades, near the middle of the plant. After hatching, the larvae exhibit a false death behavior. Before the second instar, they feed on nearby leaves, making them easier to detect. Farmers can remove "window leaves" (those with eggs and larvae) before the eggs hatch and the larvae disperse, allowing for targeted treatment and elimination of both eggs and young larvae.
Timing is critical when applying chemical controls. Once the third instar larvae begin to disperse and enter the feeding phase after the fourth instar, it's too late to act. It’s best to apply pesticides before the third instar. Since the larvae tend to feign death and are sensitive to sunlight, early morning or late evening applications are most effective. Recommended treatments include 2.5% Kung Fu EC diluted 3000 times, 5% Ruijinte emulsifiable concentrate at 1000 times, 10% Dursban EC at 2500 times, 75% Ravine WP at 1000–1500 times, 25% W PhO at 1000–1500 times, 18% insecticidal double water at 500 times, 10% Doraemon suspension at 600–800 times, 20% eradication emulsion or 50% phoxim EC at 2000 times. Applying 36 ml of 15% vegetable cream EC per mu, mixed with 50 kg of water and sprayed on both sides of the leaves, can effectively control older larvae.
During winter, mature larvae can be buried in the soil through plowing, which helps reduce overwintering populations. Clearing weeds and maintaining clean fields during this time can further minimize the risk of future infestations, leading to better pest management in the following growing season.
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