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Guard against the outbreak of Spodoptera litura
In recent years, as the planting industry has undergone rapid structural adjustments, the cultivation of special economic crops such as lotus root, alfalfa, and vegetables has been expanding continuously. Meanwhile, crops like soybeans and peanuts still occupy large areas. The occurrence and damage caused by Spodoptera litura have become increasingly severe, escalating from a minor pest to a major threat in many regions. This pest affects a wide range of crops, including lotus, konjac, cabbage, radish, and other vegetables, as well as plants from the Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae, Alliaceae, Amaranthaceae, and other families—more than 99 plant families and over 290 species in total. Its feeding activity can cause significant crop losses.
Spodoptera litura thrives in warm and humid conditions, often leading to localized outbreaks that occur intermittently. The peak period for its infestation is typically between July and August. With many crops experiencing lush growth during this time, the problem becomes even more critical. In our province, the rainfall from May to June has been higher than in previous years, and the elevated temperatures are favorable for the reproduction and development of this pest. Therefore, it's essential to remain vigilant and take preventive measures to avoid large-scale outbreaks.
One effective control method involves using light to attract adult moths. These moths have a gray-brown body with numerous gray-white markings and lines, making them easily identifiable. The most distinctive feature is the three horizontal white lines on the wings. Spodoptera litura can complete 5–6, sometimes even 6–7 generations per year, with overlapping generations. In larger farming areas, installing frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps across 40–50 acres can significantly reduce pest populations. Communities or natural areas can organize efforts to fund and manage these devices collectively. This approach is both effective and cost-efficient. For smaller plots, farmers can use simple artificial lights—such as one lamp per 5 acres, with a basin of water mixed with a small amount of diesel oil beneath it. This method is familiar to local farmers and requires minimal investment.
Another strategy involves using sweet and sour traps. Adults are nocturnal and highly attracted to black light and sweet-sour liquids. They also have strong flying abilities, allowing them to travel long distances. During the adult stage, a mixture of 10 parts sugar, 1 part wine and vinegar, and 8 parts water can be prepared. Adding a small amount of trichlorfon to the solution and placing it in the field at night is an effective way to trap and kill adults. Traps should be placed about 15 cm high, with one per mu (approximately 667 square meters), and collected in the morning. Each generation of moths may last around 10 days. Alternatively, twigs soaked in diluted dipterex (500 times) can be used. Seven to eight sticks, each about 50 cm long, can be hung upside down near vegetable crops on bamboo poles, with 10 per mu. This method effectively captures a large number of adults, reducing the population of larvae and minimizing crop damage.
Artificial egg collection and larval capture are also viable strategies. Spodoptera litura eggs are usually laid in clusters on the backside of leaf blades, near the middle of the plant. After hatching, the larvae often exhibit a false death behavior. Before the second instar, they feed close to the eggs, making it easier to spot damaged leaves. Farmers can remove "window leaves" (those with eggs and larvae) before the eggs hatch and before the larvae disperse, treating them in a concentrated manner to eliminate both eggs and young larvae.
Timing pesticide application is crucial. Once the third instar larvae begin to disperse and enter the overeating phase after the fourth instar, it's too late to act effectively. It's best to apply pesticides before the third instar, when the larvae are still concentrated. Since the larvae are sensitive to sunlight and tend to feign death, early morning or late evening applications are recommended. Several insecticides are available, such as 2.5% Kung Fu EC diluted 3000 times, 5% Ruijinte emulsifiable concentrate diluted 1000 times, 10% Dieldrin EC diluted 2500 times, 75% Ravine WP diluted 1000–1500 times, 25% W PhO 1000–1500 times, 18% insecticidal double water diluted 500 times, 10% Doraemon suspension diluted 600–800 times, 20% eradication emulsion, or 50% phoxim EC diluted 2000 times. Applying 15% vegetable cream EC at 36 ml (three bags) per mu, with 50 kg of water sprayed on both sides of the leaves, can effectively control older larvae.
During winter, mature larvae can be buried in the soil through plowing. Farmers can also clear weeds and pastures in the fields, eliminating overwintering pests and reducing the likelihood of future infestations. These integrated management practices help ensure sustainable and effective pest control.
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Guard against the outbreak of Spodoptera litura