How to prevent corn shortage

How to prevent corn shortage

Corn has various issues that affect grain filling, leading to problems like "Star-filled grains" (commonly known as Saitama). This phenomenon typically occurs when the female ear begins to produce silks before the pollen is ready, or when there's a lack of viable pollen due to high temperatures and dry weather during pollination. Additionally, insufficient soil moisture can reduce pollen viability, resulting in poor fertilization and sparse kernels. Another common issue is the absence of grains at the base of the ear or at the tip, known as "bald tips." There are four main causes for this: First, differences in silk emergence across the ear. The central silks appear first and have more chances to be pollinated, resulting in well-filled kernels. In contrast, the basal silks emerge later and often miss the window for successful pollination. Second, improper planting density can lead to competition for nutrients, especially phosphorus deficiency, which contributes to baldness. Third, inadequate water supply also plays a role. Lastly, some corn varieties naturally tend to have bare spots due to their genetic characteristics. A third problem is the uneven development of kernels on one side of the ear, with the other side remaining empty. This condition, called "half lamelon" or curved ears, happens when pollination is delayed, the silks are too long, or heavy rain prevents proper pollen transfer, causing uneven fertilization. The top of the ear may also suffer from kernel loss due to potassium deficiency in the soil. Potassium is essential for starch accumulation during grain filling, and its lack can cause physiological blockages, leading to empty kernels at the tip. To prevent these issues, several measures should be taken. First, effective water and nutrient management is crucial. Corn requires consistent moisture, especially during the flowering and grain-filling stages. Fertilizer application should balance nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to support healthy growth. Second, planting density must be appropriate—too dense planting can hinder pollination and reduce yield. Third, managing weak seedlings is important to ensure uniform growth and timely silk emergence. If certain ears develop late or if weather conditions are unfavorable, artificial pollination may be necessary. Finally, regular monitoring and control of pests and diseases are essential to maintain plant health and maximize grain production.

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