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It is not possible to feed fishmeal hens
In order to maintain a strong and productive layer, it's essential not only to select high-quality breeds and use effective feeding methods, but also to ensure the feed is of top quality. For laying hens, the diet must first meet their energy needs, and then provide sufficient protein. However, protein is more than just a general term—it refers specifically to amino acids, which are crucial for the chicken’s growth and egg production.
While vegetable-based protein sources like soybean meal are commonly used, they lack certain essential amino acids, especially methionine. This is where animal-based proteins come into play. Fishmeal, for example, is rich in methionine and other essential nutrients, making it an effective supplement for increasing egg production. When added to the diet, fishmeal can help hens lay between 250 to 260 eggs per year.
However, fishmeal is expensive, particularly imported varieties that contain a mix of fish and bones. This high cost can significantly increase feed expenses, reducing overall profitability. As a result, many large-scale poultry farms in Europe and North America have moved away from using fishmeal altogether, opting for "no-fish-meal" diets instead.
Creating a fishmeal-free diet is entirely feasible. The main challenge is compensating for the missing methionine, vitamin B12, and vitamin A found in plant-based proteins like soybean meal. By adding synthetic methionine, along with vitamins and other supplements, the diet can be balanced effectively. These additives should make up about 18% to 20% of the total feed. With this approach, hens can still achieve around 245 to 250 eggs per year—just a few fewer than those fed with fishmeal. More importantly, this method greatly reduces feed costs, leading to better economic returns.
Additionally, betaine can be used as an alternative to methionine. Studies show that replacing 50% or even 100% of synthetic methionine with betaine in the diet has no negative impact on egg production, egg weight, or fertility rates. In fact, it may even improve feed conversion during the late laying period. These findings confirm that betaine is a viable and effective substitute, proving that animal proteins can indeed be replaced without compromising productivity or performance.
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