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Piglet eyelid edema, it is a matter of course
Piglet edema disease is a severe and often fatal infectious condition affecting weaned piglets, primarily caused by toxins produced by specific strains of *Escherichia coli*. This disease typically presents with rapid onset, neurological symptoms, and facial swelling. It has a high incidence and mortality rate among young pigs, making it a significant concern in swine production.
**1. Clinical Signs**
The disease can develop very quickly, with some piglets dying suddenly without showing any prior symptoms. Others may exhibit gradual signs, starting with swelling around the eyes, where the upper and lower eyelids become so swollen that only a narrow slit remains open. The swelling then spreads to the head and neck area. Most affected pigs show a dull demeanor, low body temperature, and some may even have a fever reaching 40.5°C to 41°C. Affected animals often walk weakly, display ataxia, and have an unsteady gait. They may lie down, appear disoriented, and eventually die in a "swimming" position due to neurological impairment.
**2. Pathological Changes**
Upon post-mortem examination, the most noticeable feature is the presence of white, jelly-like fluid in the facial and subcutaneous tissues. The abdominal cavity often reveals marked edema in the stomach wall and mesentery. The mesenteric lymph nodes are also swollen, and the gastric curvature and pyloric region show significant swelling and congestion. The stomach muscle layer contains a capsule-like accumulation of edema fluid, while the intestinal mucosa and large intestine walls are also swollen. In addition, lung edema and enlarged, fluid-filled lymph nodes are commonly observed.
**3. Diagnosis**
Diagnosis is based on epidemiological data, characteristic clinical signs, and pathological findings. For confirmation, samples can be taken and examined under a microscope after Gram staining. The presence of Gram-positive, medium-sized bacilli supports the diagnosis of piglet edema disease.
**4. Control Measures**
4.1 Prevention is key. A triple *E. coli* inactivated vaccine can be administered via intramuscular injection to piglets between 15 to 18 days of age, which helps prevent the disease effectively.
4.2 Improving feeding practices and management is essential. Avoid sudden changes in feed, reduce protein content, and ensure proper hygiene and environmental sanitation to minimize the risk of infection.
4.3 For pigs showing mild symptoms, treatment options include intravenous administration of 50% glucose (20–40 ml), 20% mannitol (50–100 ml), or 25% sorbitol (50–100 ml) for five consecutive days. Additionally, sulfamonomethoxine sodium (0.2 ml/kg) or ceftiofur sodium (15 mg/kg) can be injected intramuscularly once daily for five days, which significantly improves recovery chances.
By combining vaccination, good management, and timely treatment, the impact of this disease can be greatly reduced, ensuring better health and survival rates in piglet populations.
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Piglet eyelid edema, it is a matter of course