How to increase the nutritional value and digestibility of dairy concentrates

How to increase the nutritional value and digestibility of dairy concentrates

Everyone who raises dairy cows knows that the rations fed to dairy cows must not only be rich in nutrients, but also be easily digested and easily fermented, so that they can be easily degraded in the rumen of cattle to obtain higher nutrition from each unit of rations. To meet the actual needs of microbes in the rumen, to promote faster and better digestion and absorption of feed and fermentation, producing more volatile fatty acids. Because cows have 40% to 60% of their energy derived from volatile fatty acids, it is indispensable to increase the milk production of dairy cows. However, there are few feed types that are more easily digested and fermented, and only feedstuffs such as barley, oats, and wheat are used, and the yield is low. However, corn and sorghum used for large-scale cattle feed are harder to digest and the palatability is also poor. difference. In order to improve the palatability of feed and promote the improvement of dairy cows' production performance, it is best to saccharify or ferment the hard-to-digestible feeds such as corn and sorghum before feeding, which can significantly increase the nutritional value and digestibility of the feed and help the dairy cows. Eat more milk.

Modulation of mash feed

In order to increase the nutrition of dairy cows, increase the sweetness, and make cows love to eat, it is possible to saccharify and feed a variety of concentrated feed such as sorghum flour, corn flour, bran, and rice bran, which contain a large amount of starch, to convert part of the starch into maltose, and feed. The sugar content can be increased from 1% to 10%. It can increase the sweetness of the feed, provide quick energy to the cattle, is easy to digest, absorbs fast, and the cow loves to eat, and can significantly increase the feed intake of cattle. This method of saccharification of feeds has been widely adopted in countries with developed livestock husbandry. China's beef industry is also accustomed to this kind of saccharification method to modulate the feeding of cattle. It is applicable to large cattle farms and cattle farmers.
The saccharification feed is prepared by crushing various feeds such as corn and sorghum that need to be saccharified, and then loading into a watertight wooden barrel or jar, and adding proper amount of salt and minerals to mix evenly. Whenever about 0.5cm thick is installed, use 1 part of feed and 2 parts to 2.5 parts of boiled hot water. Stir hot side and stir it evenly. After leveling, fill it layer by layer. When it is full, feed it in the feed. The top layer is covered with a layer of rice bran or sacks, and the lid is closed for heat preservation, preferably in a warm room to promote saccharification. If you can add some big malt in the saccharification feed, it can speed up the saccharification of the feed.

The problems that should be paid attention to when preparing saccharification feeds. Attention should be paid to the heat preservation during feed saccharification. When the temperature in the cylinder is maintained at 55°C to 65°C, saccharification can be achieved normally within 3 hours to 4 hours. If the room temperature is low, it is necessary to postpone the feeding time. After the feed is saccharified (standard for feed to sweet and sour), feed immediately to prevent rancidity. According to the characteristics of fast saccharification, in the production of saccharification feed, it should be based on the number of cattle and the amount of feed and room temperature for a day to grasp, carry out in batches, one batch after another, a planned supply, feeding constantly. If the produced saccharification feed cannot be used up on the same day, it should not be discarded, and it can be used as raw material for fermented feed.

Fermentation feed modulation

Feed fermentation is well-digested and nutrients increase, especially for all vitamins. It is more effective to add some bran and a small amount of oil cakes, fish meal and bone meal to the crushed corn, sorghum and other concentrates during fermentation. There are three methods for preparing fermented feeds.

Precursor Fermentation Because of the high price of fermented yeasts, yeast strains must be prepared before the large batch of fermented feeds, and leave as a starter for fermentation to reduce the cost of feed preparation. Taking 100 kg of feed as an example, first take 0.6 kg to 1 kg of baker's yeast, add 45 to 50 liters of warm water at 40°C to 50°C, dilute 20 kg of corn, sorghum, and bran, and mix evenly. Stir once every 20 minutes to 30 minutes, and start the fermentation at room temperature after 4 to 6 hours. Then 100 liters to 150 liters of water and the remaining 80 kilograms of concentrate are added, and after every one hour of stirring, it takes 6 to 9 hours to make a fermented feed.

The direct fermentation method first adds 160kg to 200kg of water to the fermentation tank, adds baker's yeast (0.5kg to 1kg of yeast plus 5 liters of warm water) to dilute, and then adds 100kg of concentrate, stirring once every 30 minutes. 6 hours to 9 hours made of fermented feed is the most convenient direct fermentation method.

Yeast fermentation is also a method of fermenting yeast first and fermenting it. For example, in the 40 kg mash feed (see the saccharification method above for mash feed), add 1 kg of yeast and stir every 20 minutes to 25 minutes. Enzyme preparation takes 6 hours to be successful. Then 20 kg of enzyme was added to 110-150 liters of warm water and 80 kg of feed was added for fermentation. The remaining 20 kilograms of enzyme enzyme can be added to 20 kilograms of saccharification feed and stirred to make enzyme, which can be fermented continuously for 5 times.

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