Nursing sows nutrition and feeding management
Feeding and management objectives: The primary goal during this stage is to ensure sows have a strong lactation period, minimize body loss, raise a large number of healthy, heavy piglets, and achieve an 80% estrus and mating rate within 7 days after weaning.
Current challenges: Many sows experience low feed intake, insufficient milk production, severe weight loss, and failure to show estrus after weaning, resulting in lower weaning weights for piglets. These issues significantly impact reproductive performance and overall productivity.
(I) Feeding and Management of Lactating Sows
1. Seven days before farrowing, sows are moved into the farrowing house. The environment should be kept dry, clean, and hygienic. Feed amounts are gradually reduced, especially for sows with poor appetites, to avoid overfeeding and digestive issues.
2. Before birth, the sow's udder and genital area should be cleaned thoroughly using a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. Postpartum, antibiotics such as blue and streptomycin are administered to prevent perinatal infections. In hot weather, a mixture of liver oil and antibiotics is given one week prior to farrowing to help prevent heat stress syndrome.
3. During farrowing, sows require special attention. The environment must remain quiet, clean, dry, warm in winter, and cool in summer. High temperatures in the farrowing room should be avoided. If dystocia occurs, oxytocin (10-20 units) is injected intramuscularly. If no progress is made after 30 minutes, artificial assistance is needed. Uterine cleansing and prostaglandin injections (PGF2α at 2 ml, 36-48 hours post-partum) can help expel lochia, reposition the uterus, and promote estrus after weaning.
4. On the day of farrowing, sows should not be fed but provided with bran salt water or electrolyte solutions. Over the next week, feed quantity is gradually increased. Once normal feeding resumes, sows should be encouraged to eat as much as possible. Fresh, clean water must always be available to prevent constipation and improve feed intake.
5. Regular checks on the udder are essential. Any signs of mastitis should be treated promptly to avoid complications.
6. Two to three days before weaning, feed and water should be gradually reduced. After weaning, the sow’s breast tissue should be allowed to shrink slightly, and then feed intake should be increased with the use of appetite-enhancing feed to prevent post-weaning mastitis.
(B) Nutrition for Nursing Sows
1. The key to nursing sow nutrition is maximizing feed intake. A simple formula to estimate daily feed requirements is: Daily feed = 2 kg + 0.4-0.5 kg per piglet. If sows meet this target, body loss is minimized, and milk production remains high. Failure to meet these levels leads to greater reliance on body reserves, which negatively affects milk supply, fertility, and subsequent reproductive outcomes such as weaning-to-estrus interval, conception rate, and embryo survival.
2. Lactating sow diets should be tailored based on parity. For first-time sows, the nutritional standards should include: crude protein 16%-17%, digestible energy 3300 kcal/kg, lysine above 0.9%, calcium 0.85%-0.90%, and total phosphorus over 0.6%. For multiparous sows, the requirements are slightly lower: crude protein over 16%, digestible energy 3200-3300 kcal/kg, lysine above 0.85%, calcium 0.85%-0.90%, and total phosphorus over 0.6%.
3. When piglets are heavily suckling and sows show signs of postpartum lactation disorders, our "Hu Li Xiao" series products can be used for staged feeding to support recovery and improve milk yield.
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