Nursing sows nutrition and feeding management

Feeding and management objectives: The main goal during this stage is to ensure that sows have a strong lactation period, minimize body loss, raise a large number of healthy and heavy piglets, and achieve an estrus mating and pregnancy rate of 80% within 7 days after weaning.

Current issues: Many sows experience low feed intake, poor milk production, severe weight loss, and failure to come into estrus after weaning. Additionally, the weight of the piglets at weaning is generally lower than expected.

(I) Feeding and Management of Lactating Sows

1. Seven days before farrowing, sows should be moved into the farrowing room. The environment must be kept dry, clean, and hygienic. Feed amounts should be gradually reduced, especially for sows with poor appetites.

2. Clean the udder and genital area of the sow before birth, then wash with a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution. After delivery, administer blue and streptomycin to prevent perinatal infections. During hot weather, give sows a muscle injection of liver oil combined with antibiotics one week before farrowing to help prevent heat stress syndrome.

3. During the birthing process, sows require special attention. Ensure the environment is quiet, clean, dry, warm in winter, and cool in summer. Avoid high temperatures in the farrowing room. If dystocia occurs, inject oxytocin intramuscularly (10–20 units per dose). If no progress is made within 30 minutes, artificial assistance may be required. It's also recommended to perform uterine cleansing and administer prostaglandins (PGF2α, 2 ml intramuscularly 36–48 hours postpartum) to aid in lochia expulsion and uterine repositioning, which can also help the sow return to estrus more quickly after weaning.

4. On the day of farrowing, sows should not be fed but given bran salt water or bran electrolyte water. Gradually increase feed amounts over the next seven days. Once the sow is eating normally, feed should be increased to the maximum level. Always add feed frequently and avoid feeding moldy feed. Provide sufficient clean drinking water to prevent constipation and maintain good feed intake.

5. Regularly check the udders of sows. If mastitis develops, take immediate action to treat it.

6. Reduce feed by 2–3 days before weaning, and limit water on the day of weaning. Two to three days after weaning, reduce breast swelling and gradually increase feed intake, starting with aphrodisiac feeding. This helps prevent mastitis in sows after weaning.

(B) Nutrition for Nursing Sows

1. The key to nursing sow nutrition is to maximize feed intake. A formula can be used to estimate daily feed requirements:

Daily feed intake = 2 kg/day + 0.4–0.5 kg per piglet.

If sows are able to consume close to this amount, body loss will be minimized. Otherwise, they will rely heavily on body reserves, which negatively affects milk production and future reproductive performance, leading to longer wean-to-estrus intervals, lower conception rates, and reduced embryo survival.

2. The diet for lactating sows should be divided into two categories: first-time sows and multiparous sows. For first-time sows, the nutritional standards should include: crude protein 16–17%, digestible energy 3300 kcal/kg, lysine above 0.9%, calcium 0.85–0.90%, and total phosphorus above 0.6%. For multiparous sows, the standard is slightly lower: crude protein above 16%, digestible energy 3200–3300 kcal/kg, lysine above 0.85%, calcium 0.85–0.90%, and total phosphorus above 0.6%.

3. If piglets are overfed and sows develop postpartum lactation disorders, our company’s “Hu Li Xiao” product line can be used for staged feeding to improve health and productivity.

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