Silage preparation and feeding methods
First, the general method of silage preparation 1? Appropriate cut: the appropriate cut not only water and carbohydrate content is appropriate, but also from the unit area to obtain the highest dry matter yield and the highest nutritional utilization, thereby increasing livestock production Food intake. Such as legumes and grass suitable harvesting period in the early flowering period, camphor and wheat in the early earing, sweet potato vines before frost or 1-2 days before the harvest, corn ear with corn ear when the corn maturation and so on. 2? Adjust the moisture content: The moisture content of the silage material is one of the most important factors determining the success or failure of silage. General silage modulation, the appropriate moisture content of about 70%. The silage directly after silage has a higher moisture content and can be added with hay, straw, etc. or a little air drying to reduce the moisture content. Cereal straw has a low moisture content and can be added with water or mixed with fresh green cut raw materials to adjust the moisture content. The method for determining the moisture content of silage raw materials is generally based on hand-sizing method to estimate the approximate moisture content. The smashed raw materials that do not exceed 1 cm in size are held together in the hand. If the grass group slowly spreads out, no juice or oozing occurs. There is very little sap, and the moisture content is about 70%. 3? Chopped: The silage material must be chopped. Because it is not only convenient for compaction but also because the juice oozes and wets its surface, it accelerates the propagation of lactic acid bacteria, which is beneficial to feed intake and improves digestibility. Tests have shown that the shorter the silage material is cut, the better the silage quality is, and 0.5 cm is the best. Crude raw materials can be split into 2 to 3 cm. 4? Loading and compaction: silage materials should be chopped at any time, ready for storage. If placed too long outside the pit, it is prone to heat and mildew. The most important thing is to compact the layers. The effect of compaction is to discharge the air and create conditions for the anaerobic lactic fermentation of the silo. The tighter the silage material is loaded, the more thoroughly the air is discharged and the better the silage quality is. 5? Sealing: After silage materials are filled, they should be sealed and buried immediately. Delaying cellaring after filling will result in poor silage quality and increase the amount of dry matter lost. Therefore, it should be done as far as possible to install the cellar, press the real time, and seal the cellar in time. Generally, the raw materials should be loaded to a height of about 30 cm above the cellar surface. After the plastic film is used for tight sealing, the soil should be covered with 30-50 cm. The cellar ceiling is a head type or a roof type, which does not leak gas or leak water. 6? Management and Protection: After the silo is well sealed, drain the trench about 1m away to prevent rainwater from seeping. In rainy areas, scaffolding should be carried out above the silo. Attention should be paid to inspections at any time. When there is a crack in the pit, it should be compacted in time. Second, the feeding method 1? Open cellar: Silage in the cellar 40-60 days to open the cellar feeding. Open cellar time is suitable for low temperature and value of lack of grass. Before opening the cellar, the cover soil during the cellaring should be removed to prevent it from being contaminated with the silage. It is required to open the cellar in sections, and from the top to the bottom, stratify the grass, do not open it completely, prevent exposure to sunlight, rain, freezing, and strictly forbid to soak holes in the grass to obtain seals. Pay attention to drainage and identify the quality of silage. If the quality is normal, there will be wine sour, yellow and green color, you can take it. If the spoilage is corrupt, it will have an odor. The texture should be dry, loose or stick into pieces and should not be fed to prevent poisoning. When taking the material, if the feed is stopped halfway and the interval is longer, the silo cell must be sealed tightly, airtightly, and not leaky. 2? Feeding: Silage is a high-quality, juicy feed. After a short period of training, all livestock feeds are preferred. For individual animals, the feeding method can be fed with silage at the time of fasting. Feeding silage at first, increasing gradually, and then feeding the fodder, or mixing the silage with the concentrate before feeding, then feeding other feeds, or adding silage Straw and fodder mix and feed at the same time. China Agricultural Network Editor
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