Soybean High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Technology

Soybean High Yield and Efficient Cultivation Technology

First, the operating procedures: 1. Variety selection and processing. High-quality soybean varieties with high yield potential, good internal quality, and good appearance quality, such as Hefeng 35, Funong 14, Heinong 33, Yudou 22, Ludou 11, Zhonghuang 4, etc., are required to have a seed germination rate of over 90%. More than 98% purity. Pre-seeding sowing, removing diseases and impurities, etc., and according to different soil conditions and pests and diseases, use the appropriate coating agent coating, and some can also be used fertilizer, fertilizer, ABT rooting powder and other seed dressing, enhanced Seed vigor. 2. Reasonably cultivate land preparation and rotation. Soybean planting should adhere to a reasonable crop rotation. In the northeast, it can be used with maize, wheat and other crop rotations, Huanghuaihai and southern production areas and wheat, vegetables and other crop rotations to reduce the area of ​​heavy cropping and weeding, while striving to return cropland to fertilize fertility. The principle of deep soil preparation was used for the preparation of the main soybean producing areas in northeastern China to use deep-sown rotary cultivators for deep loosening, enhanced soil permeability, and resistance to drought and sturdiness. Generally, the depth of ploughing was about 20 cm. The cultivation of ridge cultivation soybeans should be combined with ridging so that the ridges and ridges can be loosened. 3. Mechanized precision sowing. The northeast spring soybean production area begins to sow from late April to early May. The Huanghuaihai summer soybean production area is planted in mid-June, and the mulching soybeans can be sowed in advance. Soybean planters are used in northeastern China to conduct equidistant precision on demand so that the plants are evenly distributed and the seeding depth is 3–5cm. The ridge cultivation of soybeans adopts narrow-row planting techniques. Generally, 60cm ridges are planted in 2 rows, and 90-105cm ridges and ridges are planted in 4 rows. The small row spacing is about 12cm, and the density per hectare is increased to 375,000-450000, and the yield is increased by 15%-20. %. 4. Soil testing formula Scientific fertilization. The scientific fertilization method combining soil testing, formula fertilization and layered fertilization was applied. According to different soil fertility conditions and local natural climatic conditions, the time and amount of chemical fertilizer application were determined through laboratory tests and calculations. In general, stratification is applied in depth, that is, the base fertilizer is applied at 16-18 cm below the ridge, and the amount is about 60% of the total amount of fertilizer. The seed fertilizer is applied at the seed 4cm, and the amount accounts for about 40% of the total amount of fertilizer. In the initial flowering period to the final flowering period, the foliar spraying can be performed according to the growing trend. This satisfies the demand for fertilizer for soybeans at different growth stages and increases the fertilizer utilization rate. 5. Conduct scientific field management. The focus is on prevention and control of soybean diseases and pests, mainly cyst nematodes, root rot, gray spot disease, soybean borer, locusts and so on. Locusts adopt fumigation control methods to reduce the use of pesticides. Root rot, cyst nematodes, etc. can be used according to the conditions of the soil to apply seed coating clothing, use 50% thiram or 50% more than a mixture of seeds according to the amount of 0.4% seed dressing and other methods. There are many weeds in soybean fields, and we must screen out chemical weedicides with low toxicity, high efficiency and low residual chemical herbicide, and try to control the application amount. Before planting or before emergence, a chemical soil-enclosed and weed-killing system is used. A herbicide is sprayed at the flowering stage, and chemical control agents are sprayed according to the growth of soybeans at the end of flowering stage to the stage of sowing to ensure high soybean yield. Second, note: 1. The selection of species should be appropriate. Only by combining good and good methods can we achieve high yields. We must choose good soybean varieties with high yield potential. Narrow-row dense planting techniques should adopt dwarf and semi-dwarf dense-resistant varieties. It is not appropriate to choose varieties with too long growth periods and excessively high plants, so as to ensure high yields when the planting density increases. 2. Ensure sowing quality. Sowing should not be too deep, nor should it be too shallow, and be consistent in depth, otherwise it will affect the seed germination and the uniformity of the plant. 3. Pay attention to balanced fertilization. In stratified fertilization, attention should be paid to the application rates of N, P, and K fertilizers, and the different requirements of soybeans for fertilizers at different stages of growth. At the same time, attention should be paid to the reasonable combination of trace elements such as B and Zn fertilizers.

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