Summer and autumn vegetables management measures

Summer and autumn vegetables management measures

1. Reasonable fertilization Summertime, high temperature and rain, the consumption of soil fertility is more obvious, especially in the dry soil and the most scarce organic matter on the slope, plant growth often appears weak, lack of resistance, easy invasion of pests and diseases. In addition, farmers have used chemical fertilizers for many years, and the biggest difference between chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers is that chemical fertilizers are quick-acting and easy to lose; and if they are used excessively, or if they are used for a long time, salt will accumulate in the soil. Therefore, farmers should pay attention to dosage, usage and application period when applying chemical fertilizers. In order to increase the content of soil organic matter, organic fertilizers are the best choice. Due to the large variety of organic fertilizers, including vegetal (such as rice straw, wheat straw, chaff, rice bran), and animal (such as livestock excrement), it must be fully fermented and cooked before it can be applied to the soil. In order to promote rapid and robust plant growth, increase disease resistance; in the application method, pay attention to reduce the number of applications, increase the frequency of top dressing.
2. Diseases and Insect Pests Diseases and insect pests occur during high-temperature and high-humidity in summer, and the pesticides that are sprayed are ineffective due to decomposition by high-temperature and strong light, or they are easily drained due to rain washing, and often produce phytotoxicity. Therefore, spraying during high temperature, the use of the concentration should be slightly lower, and the interval between spraying should also be shortened, but because summer vegetables are mostly fast-growing vegetables, pesticide residue problem can not be ignored. Prevention and control of summer vegetable pests and diseases should be based on prevention. Various summer vegetable pests and diseases are not the same, and the control methods are not the same. The principle of prevention and control can be applied due to time, place, and circumstances. In addition, priority can be given to the application of agricultural control methods. For example, to keep the garden clean, weeds and diseased plants should be cleaned up, sticky board is used to control pests, and different types of sticky planks are used interchangeably. The effect is more significant and can also be used. Insect killer.
3. The use of facilities The use of simple facilities can adjust the microclimate environment to make it more suitable for the growth of vegetable crops; it can achieve the effect of shading and rain protection, and it can stabilize the production of summer vegetables and improve product quality. At present, the simple facilities used by common vegetables include low-shelf sunshade net covering, shading net horizontal shelving, plastic shelving roof membrane covering, and plastic greenhouse worm-proof net covering etc. During the growing period of vegetables, different types of visible vegetables are adopted. Facilities, but under the premise of considering economic benefits, it is advisable to adopt the cultivation mode suitable to their own facilities in order to achieve a multiplier effect.
4. When the plant growth regulators are sunny in summer, the sunlight will radiate strongly. As the temperature rises, in case of dry weather with low air humidity, the stigma of the flowers will become variably dry, pollen germination will be blocked, pollination will be difficult, and flowering will occur. The use of plant growth regulators can solve the problem of abnormal flowering. For example, when the tomatoes are open at the 4-6th flower of each spike, they should be sprayed once every 7-10 days to promote the results.
5, Other technical measures The use of dense planting, can reduce the sun exposure and avoid sunburn, and increase the yield per unit area, but beans, fruits, etc. should be relaxed row spacing, in order to increase ventilation and avoid temperature increase. In addition, the application of cultivation techniques such as applying grass cover or covering with plastic cloth, fruit bagging, picking leaves, pruning, timely earth-cultivation, and appropriate rotation can all reduce the influence of environmental factors on plant growth.
Vegetable disaster-resistance production technology measures
1. Post-disaster management Summer weather changes, vegetable production is vulnerable to climatic conditions, meteorological data should be collected at any time, and preventive measures should be taken early to reduce disaster losses.
(1) Anti-disaster preparation: Keep an eye on the weather and take preventive measures. Harvestable vegetables should be harvested in time to avoid the damage caused by heavy storms. Strengthen the refurbishment of drainage facilities to facilitate the drainage of vegetable fields. Check the facilities materials, damage should be maintained as soon as possible.
(2) Measures before the rainstorm: It is not appropriate to sow vegetables before the rainstorm. Pay attention to whether the drainage facilities are open. Earth again before heavy rain to prevent plant lodging. Cover with shade nets to prevent damage to the blades.
(3) Vegetable garden management after heavy rain: First, speed up the harvest of affected vegetables. The more severely devastated vegetable plots must speed up the harvesting of vegetables that have not yet been completely immersed. For example, melons, solanes, beans, etc., to minimize the loss. The second is to clean up the vegetable fields and classify them. The vegetable plots in severely affected areas should be immediately cleaned of rotten vegetables. The vegetable plots in sandy soils can be quickly ploughed, robbed or transplanted. The clay-based vegetable plots should be left to dry and then dried and then sown. Transplanting seedlings. The third is to seize the time live a group of fast-growing early-maturing leafy vegetables, such as leeks, cabbage, spinach, and edible fungus. These vegetables should be used live, do not transplant, can be marketed after 20 days, accelerate market supply, increase economic income. The fourth is to strengthen fertilizer and water management. The lighter vegetable plots should strengthen the management of fertilizers and water in existing vegetables, and the cultivation of leafy vegetables should be dominated by nitrogenous fertilizers. The cultivation of melons, solanaceous vegetables and legumes should be combined with nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers. Fifth, pay attention to the occurrence of pests and diseases, and use pesticides with caution. Damage to vegetables caused by storms is likely to cause diseases. One or two sterilizing agents such as chlorpyrifos and thiophanates should be quickly sprayed to prevent the invasion of bacteria from the wound. If insect pests are to be sprayed, insecticides should not be used. A banned pesticide for vegetables. Sixth, the use of shade net cover technology. The sunshade net has the function of blocking light, cooling, moisturizing and preventing heavy rain. It is an advanced technology for growing summer and autumn off-season vegetables. Generally, the method of timely covering after sowing, covering when transplanting seedlings, covering when sunlight is strong, and covering before storm hits
2. Choose suitable vegetable varieties and varieties Suitable for summer and autumn, cultivate vegetables such as tomato, watermelon, cowpea, Onion, leeks, leeks, Chinese cabbage, cucumber, radish, cauliflower, etc., and choose the appropriate species and varieties according to local conditions.
3, nursery seedlings every year from July to August is autumn and winter pods, winter and spring pod eggplant, melons and vegetables nursery season, the higher efficiency of winter and spring vegetables in the high temperature period nursery quality is the key to the success of production. In the diseases of vegetables in summer, some of the diseases are transmitted by seeds. The pathogens are attached to seeds by spores or latent in the seeds with hyphae. After sowing, they are vulnerable to invading pathogenic bacteria. There are three kinds of common vegetable seed disinfection methods: impregnation method. Warm soup method, powder coating method. After the seeds are disinfected, the omentum should be used in combination with high temperature and heavy rainfall. Specific technology:
(1) Seedbed selection: The plots with high topography, ventilation, cooling, drainage and irrigation, and moderate fertility should be selected as seedbeds. Seed bed setting: bed soil to be broken, loose, pick up net weeds, before sowing, cover a layer of organic fertilizer on the seedbed, the ground leveling fine, made Gaobu, width 1 . 3 meters wide, ranging in length. Generally, 6-20 square meters of seedbeds need to be prepared for each mu of field.
(2) Sowing method: Arrangement according to market demand, suitable for early, middle and late-maturing varieties to open the planting, avoid centralized planting. Seeding requirements: Fill the bottom of the water on the afternoon of the day before sowing or the morning of the day. Before sowing (it can also be planted after sowing), 100 grams per acre can be used to spray 100 kilograms of trifluralin herbicide on the soil surface to reduce weeds. After sowing, sprinkle a layer of cover seed mud on the seeds. Do not cover the seeds for the degree, then tap with a wooden board to make full contact with the soil and seeds to facilitate emergence. Take a shady shed: After sowing, insert a rod every 1 meter or so on the seedbed to form a small arch, covered with a sun screen (better double layer) or insect net, to cool the shade and reduce the evaporation of water. effect. Another plastic film is prepared to cover in time when heavy rains and heavy rains come, so as to prevent rainstorms and benefit the growth of seedlings.
(3) Seedling management: often watering, covering fine soil to reduce evaporation, watering with a watering pot in the bud, watering should grasp the morning and evening irrigation. The seedlings are topdressed 2-3 times, about one week after emergence, they can chase a decomposed fresh water manure and then apply it once a week or ten days. Timely transfer of seedlings: Transplanting seedlings can prevent leggy seedlings, promote root development, grow robustly, have the same size, and increase resistance and survival rate. In the seedlings 2-3 true leaves when the transfer seedlings, transplant seedlings to do when the species, while watering, edge shade. The seedling distance is about 10 cm.
(4) Coverage management: Before the rainstorm comes, cover the plastic film in time, cover it tightly, cover it, and remove it in time after heavy rain. Shade nets can be covered all day before emergence. After emergence and pre-planting, they are covered by a cover during the day and exposed at night, covered with clear and rainy weather, and covered in cloudy weather. With the growth of the seedlings, they will be covered before and after noon and will not be covered in the morning and evening. One day before planting, it can be kept for a whole day and the seedlings can be cultivated.
(5) Prevention and control of pests and diseases: To prevent and control insect pests such as seedling stage worms, cabbage caterpillars, diamondback moths, and yellow striped beetles, use farmland 2000 times, divide by 2500 times, and 800-1000 times the number one. The dish is hi 1000 times and Suavian 1000-1500 times liquid. If damping-off and blight are found, it can be sprayed with 800-1000 sprays or 3000-4000 times.
4. The choice of site preparation and cultivation of summer vegetable crops should be avoided in continuous cropping and poor drainage areas. Because continuous cropping often leads to lack of certain elements in the soil, increased pest and disease groups, and increased toxic effects, it is better to use crop rotation in different subjects, or to plant crops with other crop rotations. When working on soil preparation, it is not advisable to use the clay to make it too thin, so as not to obstruct the speed of drainage and cause the roots to breathe hard and rot. It is better to use north-south direction to avoid or reduce the occurrence of sunburn. The height should be about 30-40 cm. In sunny days, the gutter maintains a proper amount of moisture, so that the bauxite is often kept moist, and the water in the gutter is discharged as soon as possible to prevent the accumulation of water for too long.

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