Second, the sea cucumber aquaculture technology (a) seed breeding technology for the provision of large-scale seedlings for release and cultivation, will be about 1 cm long out of the pool seedlings through the middle of the sea to grow, so that the body length Achieve 3 cm and then use it for releasing and breeding. (1) Selection of facilities and facilities: Breeding of sea cucumbers with no bait as a condition, the site must be located in the inner bay of organic matter and floating mud that can be easily entered and deposited in the breeding cage. There must be less wind and waves and more organic suspended matters. The facilities used were improved intermediate breeding cages with a metal frame size of 60*60*30 cm and an outer mesh screen of 1.4 mm. The black corrugated plate was laid inside the cage (see figure). In winter, breeding cages should be 3-4 meters below the surface of the water, or sink to the bottom of the sea. Do not set it on the surface to avoid death due to freezing injury of sea cucumber. At this time, the number of feedings can be increased, but the amount of feed each time should be increased appropriately, because the bait will not be corrupted even if it remains at a low temperature. During the breeding period, the water layer should be adjusted according to the water temperature and storm conditions. After the arrival of spring, the management should be strengthened. The cage should be cleaned in time to avoid clogging of the mesh, and the debris should be promptly removed. After cultivating in the middle, the individual should be divided into cages after they grow to about 3 cm in length and transferred to sea culture.
(B) Pond Breeding (Shrimp Pond Culture) Technology
1. Shrimp pool environmental transformation substrate is an important condition for the growth of sea cucumber, and it is also an important site for sea cucumber's summer sleep. Most of the northern shrimp ponds are muddy and muddy, which can not reach the living conditions of sea cucumbers. Under the condition of no pollution, the transformation of the shrimp pond bottoms is particularly important.
1) Under the condition that the sediment is not soft and rotten, the following transformation methods can be used:
(1) The method of throwing stone: one is a type of throwing stone, that is, the length is not limited, the width is 0.3-0.3m, and the width between the stones is about 1.5m; two kinds of pile-casting methods are adopted, that is, every 0.5 -1m throwing a pile of stones, each pile of about 0.5m; the third is the cataclysm stone method, that is, free to throw stone into the shrimp pond.
(2) artificial reference reef: generally made of cement, reference reef manufacturing principle is porous, multi-layered, easy to sting and hiding habitat, size and weight to facilitate handling is appropriate. Perforated reference reef, about 10cm in diameter, to facilitate habitat and capture of sea cucumber.
(3) Other materials: In the shrimp pond, some branches, tree rights, stumps, baskets, etc. can also be thrown, which is beneficial to the inhabitation of sea cucumber, and it can also be used as a barbed sea cucumber after wooden corrosion. Old tires, bricks, gravel, cement pipes, ceramic scraps, broken ceramic pipes, etc. are all good bottom materials, and grey green rock and mussels for raising mussels are also good materials. Old tires do not work well for the first time and can be soaked in water for a while.
2) Rare soft bottom modification method:
The rare soft-bottom shrimp ponds must be artificially created to create a suspended substrate suitable for the growth of sea cucumbers. There are two methods:
(1) Because the sediment is weak, the deposit is easily trapped, and the sea cucumber cannot survive at all. Therefore, cement pillars, stone pillars, wood pillars, bamboo tubes, etc. must be used to make vertical row piles, and then they should be connected with wire and nylon ropes. Then, baskets, tires, porcelain pipes, tiles, branches, bamboo products, artificial reefs, stone coffins, slate, etc. should be hung on the ropes, and the hanging objects should be close to the ground.
(2) Using the short piles near the ground, put the rope and the old mesh to a level and put the materials mentioned above.
2. Methods for Culture of Sea Cucumbers in Shrimp Pond (1) Seedlings and Feeding: There are three sources of sea cucumber seedlings for aquaculture. The first kind is autumn seedlings, which are artificial seedlings of the year, about 2-4 cm in length, per acre. Put 0.5 to 10,000 heads, increase or decrease according to the size of the water exchange, the thinness of the water, and the water productivity of the pond. The survival rate is generally between 10% and 40%, 1.5-2 years can be harvested. The second type is spring seedlings, that is, artificially cultivated seedlings of the previous year were artificially overwintered through indoor use. Individuals were about 6 cm in size, and 4000 to 8000 heads per acre were harvested. The fall/winter season was 1/4 to l/3, which was before the summer sleep. All can be harvested, and the survival rate is above 70%. The third species is natural seedlings, 50 to 60 heads/kg. In early spring, seedlings can be harvested more than 80% before winter and 2000 to 3000 heads per mu, and the survival rate can reach more than 90%. The collection specification is about 250g/head, and individual large individuals can reach 500g/head or more.
(2) Water depth: The deeper the water, the better, generally 1 to 3m.
(3) Daily management; mainly to strengthen water management, the greater the exchange of water, the faster the growth rate of sea cucumber, the higher the yield. When the tide enters, the water changes, and there is no natural tide condition. The pump is used to lift the water. Where conditions permit, aerators may be used to increase oxygen, pumps may be used for internal circulation, and daily aeration and internal circulation may be performed 2 times or 3 times, each time for 2 hours to 3 hours, mainly at night.
(4) Feeding: Most seabass cultured sea squid seldom baits, mainly relying on natural food, feeding on single fat algae, benthic diatoms, organic debris, and corroded small animal carcasses; the growth rate of sea cucumber is slow Longer cycle, for this reason, artificial feeding of sea cucumber in shrimp stalks is getting more and more attention.
Stichopus japonicus has a wide range of feed resources, such as fermented straw and other wood undergraduate plants, distiller's grains, miscellaneous grains, shrimp, wheat bran, small mixed fish meal, crude starch, etc. can be fed, the principle of feeding is rather less More, subject to appropriate amount. The amount of daily feeding is 5% to 10% of the body weight of sea cucumber. The fast growing temperature period is more than expected. Summer sleep and 5°C or lower are not expected. The daily feeding is performed twice and the time is performed at dusk. The amount of feeding can also be determined by checking the intestinal tract and holding time. Dissect 1-5 sea cucumbers and determine the amount of bait according to the fullness of the intestine. Take 8-10 heads of sea cucumber in the sink to see how much and how much In order to determine the amount of bait, it can be confirmed by holding it for 24 hours.
Using artificially-combined diets to culture sea cucumber, the growth cycle can be shortened by more than one-third. Under the same conditions, the weight difference between seabass and non-feeding seabass at the same time is twice the difference. With artificial compound feed, it has strong attracting ability and is not easy to pollute the water quality. Although the cost is high, the breeding cycle is short and the output of the specification is increased, so the economic benefit is more obvious.
(5) The method of putting the seedlings: Using the escape method, according to the size of the sea cucumber, take different nets, press it down with the sinking rock, and dive the seedlings into the designated place so that the seedlings will naturally climb out.
(6) Quality standards for participation in seedlings Participation in seedlings is an important quality criterion for the participation of seedlings or purchase of seedlings. As a reference standard: individual stout, small proportion of body length and diameter; spiky sharp and high, thick round base, 4 rows - 6 rows of meat, line and line are neat; sea cucumber color is variable, a few purple and white are The top grade is mostly grayish-brown, with grayish-brown spots, good skin thickening rate, poor green ginseng quality, and low skin thinning rate. Participation seedlings standard: body stretch coarse; sharp and high meat spiky, bright color; head and tail movement freely, fast movement, stretch natural; defecation is not sticky and scattered, fast food intake, fast bowel movements.
Involved in participating in the seedlings found body dark and sticky, bald and short meat, sticky stools, slow movement, tube weakness, must be treated with drugs.
Third, disease prevention
1. Rotten skin disease: caused by bait pollution, organic pollution, oil pollution, inorganic pollution, heavy metals and pH fluctuations, water quality dilution (salinity reduction of 17% or less) and other reasons. Treatment: Diver into the water, collect sea cucumber, put 50ppm of penicillin, streptomycin liquid medicine into the pool field can be about half an hour dissolved. Chemical and organic pollution will stop changing the water and strengthen the internal circulation. Discharge of water can be changed only after the release of pollution. In the rainy season, when fresh water is poured into the water inlet, salt is added to make the salinity 18 ‰ or more.
2. Red tide, Kuroshio, and Yellow Tide: Three waves must be prevented in advance. When the transparency is less than 0.5m, prevention and control must be carried out.
(1) Lime splashing: The water depth is about 1.5m, and 40kg/mu of lime is crushed into powder, uniformly scattered in the pool, and the sinking bottom turns into white ash, which is harmless to sea cucumber.
(2) Add 2ppm formaldehyde or sodium hypochlorite (concentration is about 10%), evenly splashed on the surface of the pond, the eutrophication of the water disappears, harmless to sea cucumber. Combination with quicklime is better for staging, but it cannot be mixed.
Squid farming techniques
First, the biological characteristics of sea cucumber Sea cucumber like to live in the shallow sea at the end of the reef, in the bottom of the sea, slow, slow motion, 10 minutes to exercise 1 meter. Likes a place rich in seaweed. Ingestion: Ingest organic debris, algae and protozoa, together with sediment. The highest food intake occurred in February-March and the lowest in August. Growth temperature: The optimum temperature for the growth of juvenile ginseng is 19-20 degrees, the suitable temperature range is 15-23 degrees, and the growth temperature of 5-15 cm sea cucumber is 10-15 degrees. Reproduction: Sea cucumbers begin to lay eggs at 15-17 degrees of water temperature, and spawning water temperature is 17-20 degrees.
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