Summer hatching of duck eggs

Summer hatching of duck eggs

In production, the hatching of duck eggs is affected by different seasons. The general rule of change is: the hatching rate is low in January and gradually increases afterwards. It reaches the highest peak in May, gradually decreases in June, and declines to the lowest in July and August. After September, it rose again. The second peak occurred in October and gradually declined again. According to this change rule, combined with the feeding of the cherry broiler ducks in our field and the hatching practice of the hatching eggs, the hatching of the summer duck eggs is analyzed as follows. First, egg management 1. Timely quail egg breeder's egg production time from 2:00 to 5:00 in the morning, after the egg is produced, due to the summer heat and mosquitoes and flies, bacteria attached to the eggshell rapidly multiply, through Egg shell pores affect egg hatching rate. Therefore, the number of quail eggs should be increased in the summer, and the quail eggs should not be separated by more than one hour. The quail eggs must not be immediately padded with straw or chaff, and the quail eggs should be placed in the quail-egg box. In the shade, cover with a layer of gauze to prevent mosquitoes and flies. Use a suitable electric fan to cool the surface of the eggshell. Pack it after the eggs are cool. The eggs preserved in the air-conditioned room on that day can be saved by this fan cooling method. 2. Storage Temperature Eggs must be stored in the air-conditioned egg bank in the high-temperature environment in summer. The optimum temperature for egg preservation is 15°C, and the variation range is 12 to 18°C. The storage temperature can be adjusted at any time due to the storage time, and it is generally stored at a variable temperature. The test confirmed that if the storage time of eggs is longer, the use of variable temperature storage can improve the hatching rate by 4% to 5% compared to low temperature storage. Storage period 0 to 3 days, the best temperature is 17 ~ 18 °C, 4 ~ 7 days is 16 ~ 17 °C, more than 7 days to 12 °C is appropriate. In the egg bank, pay attention to the indoor temperature difference, that is, the temperature of the egg rack near the air conditioner is low, and the temperature of the egg rack far away from the air conditioner is high, and the temperature difference in the egg bank can be properly balanced in the egg bank by the ceiling fan. 3. During the storage period, the preserved eggs in high temperature environment should not exceed 3 days, and the stored eggs at low temperature should not exceed 9 days. In summer hatching, it is generally believed that the fresher the eggs, the better. However, it has been proved that the best hatching effect can not be achieved within 1 day after the birth, because the fresh egg with short-term storage or no storage has higher protein concentration and lower protein hydrogen ion concentration (pH). The thick protein of the egg significantly hinders the use of oxygen during incubation and is not conducive to the hatching of the egg. Appropriate storage allows the protein to undergo a certain physiological changes, promote the dilution of thick proteins, facilitate the liquefaction of proteins during hatching, release important embryonic nutrients, and facilitate the hatching of eggs. However, as the storage time increases, the pH of the protein gradually increases, the weight loss of the egg increases, and the placenta becomes exhausted, resulting in increased dead embryos during hatching. In addition, if the egg storage period is longer, attention should be paid to turning the egg. 4. When transporting eggs, avoid direct sunlight, prevent rain, and avoid severe vibration during transportation. II. Incubation Operation 1. Decrease the temperature in the incubation chamber The environmental conditions in the incubation chamber have a great influence on whether the incubator can maintain proper incubation conditions. The ambient temperature of the incubation chamber is generally required to be maintained at 20 to 24°C. Therefore, indoor watering can be used in summer, and the use of water curtains, air conditioners, exhaust fans, ceiling fans and other measures to reduce the indoor temperature. 2. Preheating eggs before hatching In summer, eggs that have not been stored at low temperature can be directly hatched without preheating before hatching. The eggs stored at low temperature should be preheated at 20-25°C for 4-5 hours before hatching. The purpose is to make the embryo have a gradual recovery process and reduce the stress on the embryo. At the same time, attention should be paid to removing the water droplets that are condensed on the surface of the eggs due to the large temperature difference between the egg store and the outside world, so as to prevent adverse effects on the embryos during fumigation and increase the hatching rate. 3. Incubation temperature In summer, the room temperature is high, the incubation temperature is generally lower by 0.2°C, the temperature in the early summer incubation period is maintained at 37.8°C, the medium term is 37.3 to 37.5°C, and the later period is 36.5 to 37°C. It is particularly important to look at the fetal temperature during the summer hatch. If the eggs are used improperly during storage, transportation, and hatching, the embryos are susceptible to heat and develop in advance. The temperature of the embryos should be properly adjusted in accordance with the embryonic development characteristics of the “Avian Embryo Development Standard Coloring Map”. In addition, it is also necessary to prevent over-temperature in the summer, and the high temperature can cause protein denaturation and cause the embryos to die and the hatching rate to decline. 4. Ventilation During the high temperature season, the fresher the air in the incubator is, the more favorable it is to the development of the embryo. The higher the hatching rate is, the greater the ventilation and ventilation will affect the temperature inside the incubator. The speed of the fan in the summer incubator is 200 rpm. 5. Turning the eggs and turning the eggs can avoid the adhesion of the duck embryos to the egg shells and make the heat of the embryos uniform. The angle of the turning eggs of the duck eggs is preferably turned from right to left by 50 to 55 in horizontal position. The frequency of turning eggs in summer should be turned once per hour, which is more conducive to uniform heating of the eggs and is conducive to the normal concentrated shelling of ducklings. 6. Cool eggs Eggs in the summer hatching cool eggs is very important. The type of duck eggs have high internal fat content. When the embryos have been used for about 10 days, the embryos have begun to use fat. Because the fat metabolism releases a lot of heat, it is easy to increase the temperature of the eggs. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate excess calories and supply enough fresh air in time through cool eggs. . In summer, the outside temperature is high. On the one hand, cool eggs need to be advanced. On the other hand, cool eggs should be sprayed every day. As the temperature rises, cool eggs can be properly ventilated in 5 days, and cool eggs should be sprayed once a day in 8 to 10 days. Normally, cool eggs are sprayed twice at intervals of 13 to 15 days. As the age increases, the time for spraying cold eggs every day should be appropriately increased, and the temperature of eggs should be reduced to about 30°C each time. 7. 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