Summer soybean cultivation and disease prevention

Soybeans are one of the crops with a short growing period. The unfavorable conditions such as drought, flooding, lodging, and leggy during the growing period can all lead to a significant reduction in soybean production. The development of soybean production must be based on the promotion of new varieties of high-yield, high-quality, disease-resistant products, centered on the assembly of advanced science and technology, and the road to increase yields and benefits. In recent years, a series of innovative researches have been carried out and the results have been relatively good. The relevant high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation techniques are now being collated and excerpted and recommended to the vast number of farmers.

1. Seedling transplanting. When soybeans are sown during the seeding period, such as continuous drought or rain, they cannot be sown. Transplanting through seedlings can shorten the time for vegetative growth and ensure adequate growth period in soybean fields. Summer soybeans can be nursed 15 days before harvest.

2, cut root cultivation. Soybeans are straight-rooted crops with deeper burial but less lateral roots. Timely cutting off the main root of soybean can promote the growth of soybean lateral roots, increase nutrient uptake and enhance the ability of rhizobia to fix nitrogen. The rooting should be carried out 10-11 days after sowing. The method is to cut the main root with a thin shovel at a depth of about 5 cm below the root of the bean seedlings. It is forbidden to displace the bean seedlings and damage the lateral roots.

3, topping. For soybeans with leggy or greedish late-maturing trends, sowing of the top heart can promote branching, dwarfing the strong rod, preventing lodging, allowing more photosynthetic products to be imported into the flower buds, facilitating flowering and conservation, and increasing yield. Generally, it can increase production by more than 15%. Usually, the length of the main stem is 1-3 cm long at the early flowering stage or full flowering stage.

4, chemical regulation. Lodging is a major problem in high-yield soybean fields. During the growth of soybeans, chemical control technology can promote strong growth, increase conservation, and increase production. Soybean chemical regulation methods mainly include:

(1) Spray paclobutrazol. Spray 20-30 kg of 100-200 ml/kg paclobutrazol solution in the soybean branching to the initial flowering period, so that the soybean plants can be dwarfed and the functional period of the leaves can be prolonged, which will benefit the ventilation and light transmission of the bean fields, improve the microclimate, prevent lodging, and promote high yields. . The concentration and frequency of use should be determined by the growth of soybeans.

(2) Spray triphenyl iodide. A triphenyl iodide solution with a concentration of 100 ml/kg is sprayed at the flowering stage of soybeans, and then 200 ml/kg of a solution of triphenyliodine is used at intervals of 5-7 days, and the amount of 50 kg per acre is used. It can inhibit the growth of the top of soybean plants, promote the development of axillary buds, increase branching and dwarfing plants, control the growth of rice plants, prevent blooming, reduce blooming, and promote early maturation and yield increase.

(3) Spraying sodium bisulfite. In the initial flowering period and full flowering period, the use of 15-17% sodium bisulfite solution 50 kg each sprayed one time, can reduce respiratory intensity, reduce the fall. In the soybean bud stage, 50 kg of 20-300 ml/kg increase production solution was sprayed every other week for 2 consecutive times. It can reduce the pod break-down by 10% and increase production by 10-15%.

5, add trace elements. The trace element fertilizers required for the growth of soybean mainly include molybdenum, manganese, zinc, boron, magnesium, etc. These elements are very low in soybean plants, but their role in various physiological functions is extremely important. Trace elements can promote the normal growth and development of soybeans, increase soybean yield and improve quality. Appropriate trace element supplementation is a cost-effective method of increasing production. For example, molybdenum, a commonly used trace element in soybeans, can increase production by 5-20% (except for alluvial soils) with molybdenum. The most significant increase in yield is in black soil, followed by black soil, sand and loess. However, too much application can easily cause poisoning. In the production, it is generally possible to balance the fertilization by soil testing, using seed coating agents containing trace elements to coat the seeds, or to apply seed dressings and foliar sprays, which can effectively prevent trace element deficiency.

Prevention of boron deficiency disease: Use about 1 kg of borax or boric acid solution as the base fertilizer per acre, or use 0.1-0.2% borax or 50 kg of boric acid solution to spray at the soybean branching stage.

Prevention of molybdenum deficiency: Ammonium molybdate seed dressing or foliar spray can prevent molybdenum deficiency. For example, 1 gram of ammonium molybdate plus 40 grams of water can be mixed with 1 kilogram of soybean seed, or with foliar spraying with 0.01-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution 25-30 kilograms per acre in soybean branching period.

Prevention of zinc deficiency: First, zinc sulfate seed dressing, the amount of 1 kg of seed 2-4 grams, before the seed dressing with a small amount of water will be dissolved zinc sulfate; Second is the base application, zinc sulfate applied to the seeds or next to the seed, each Apply 1 kg of zinc sulphate to the mung bean field; the third is foliar spraying, which can be carried out before the branching stage, with a concentration of 0.01-0.05% zinc sulfate solution 50 kilograms.

Prevention of manganese deficiency: First, manganese sulfate seed dressing, the amount of 4-8 kg per kilogram of seed; the second is the base, manganese sulfate dosage of 2 kg per acre; Third, foliar spray. Can be carried out before the branching period, 0.05-0.1% manganese sulfate solution 50 kg.

Above the foliar spray is the amount per acre.

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