Turtle farming technology

Turtle farming technology

The turtle (Chinemysreevesii) is a member of the genus Tortoise, which is commonly known as the tortoise and mud turtle. This species is widely distributed in China. In addition, Chinemyskwangtungensis is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces. The turtle began to hibernate below 15°C and began to feed at 20°C. The best water temperature was 25-30°C. Seedlings and commercial turtles can be kept indoors (pots), outdoor cement ponds and ponds.

Juvenile turtle cultivation: Juvenile turtle breeding is the key to the cultivation of seedlings. It directly affects the survival rate of seedling cultivation. Newly hatched turtle seedlings are usually 3-5g, average 3.8g, relatively immature, and the body's yolk is not completely absorbed. They need to be kept indoors for 3 days in boxes (pots) and each box (0.2 sq.m.) during the rearing period. 50, depth of 1-2 cm, the water depth will make the hatchlings excessive physical exertion or sudden death, change the water twice a day, daily soaked with 4 mg / elevated potassium manganate solution for 20 minutes to prevent navel infection. At the same time, artificially formulated feeds containing 40% crude protein content were added to fish paste with 10% fresh fish and mixed into a lump to attract food. After three days, it was divided into boxes and seedlings. Indoor box density is 100pcs/m2, outdoor cement pool is 50pcs/sqm, pool bottom is inclined at 20°C, pool bottom is immersed in 3/4 area, pool deepwater is covered with 1/3 water lotus for turtles to climb. Shading and shading to avoid the pool water temperature is too high, the top of the pool to use shading net shade, the pool water temperature should not exceed 32 °C, the pool to install overflow holes, so as not to flood the pool filled with dead turtle seedlings. Feed it twice a day, 8 am, 5 pm, charge 3%-5% of body weight, slightly left as well, remove residual baits in time, add fresh water, keep water fresh, grow with turtles The water gradually deepens. In southern China, hatchlings were hatched from July to August. The average daily weight gain of indoor seedlings was 0.23 g for 60 days, and the average daily weight of outdoor seedlings was 0.29 g. The survival rate was about 99%.

Juvenile turtle breeding: young turtles are more than 2 years old, turtles are immature tortoises known as hatchlings. The indoor stocking density is 40/m2, the concrete pool is 20/m2, the feed rate is 40% in the morning, and 60% in the afternoon. New water should be filled every day with conditions and focus on water quality management. This stage due to high water temperature, turtle food intake, excrement, water quality is easily deteriorating, easy to make turtle seedlings skin, rot A, bad feet, bad tail and other bacterial diseases occur. By mid-November, the average weight of turtle seedlings was about 25 grams.

Winter temperature control cultivation: This is an effective way to artificially break turtles' hibernation habits and speed up turtle growth. The stocking density is 10/sq.m., the water temperature is controlled between 28 and 30°C, and the water depth is 40-50 cm. According to the number of turtles in the pool, the size of a certain set of food, feeding on the shore, for their uniform food and sun back rest. During the temperature control period, the temperature is the optimal growth temperature, the food intake is large, the feed utilization rate is high, the ammonia in the water body can easily rise, and the concentration of harmful gases in the greenhouse increases. Daily management focuses on water quality management, air conditioning, and feed feeding. At present, the method for reducing ammonia nitrogen in greenhouse water includes inflating water in the pool, pouring zeolite powder, potassium permanganate and photosynthetic bacteria, planting water lotus, and cultivating aquatic algae. The most direct way to completely clear water changes. The exhaust fan should be installed around the greenhouse first to remove toxic and harmful gases in time so as not to affect the turtle's breathing and feeding. From mid-to-late November to mid-April, the average weight of turtle seedlings increased from 25 grams to 90 grams, with a maximum weight of 130 grams and an average daily weight gain of 0.44 grams.

Adult Turtle Breeding: In mid-April, the pond water temperature is above 22°C. The greenhouse cultivated turtle seedlings are stocked at 3 animals per square meter, and 0.5-0.6 tails/m2 of white chain, flower chain and squid are bred to control the water quality. Feed, feeding artificial compound feed, to the end of November clear pond, an average body weight of 456 grams, the maximum weight of 650 grams, aquaculture survival rate of 98.3%, feed coefficient of 2.4, when the development of commercial turtles is entirely possible.

Turtle rearing: 0.5 kg female turtles and 0.15 kg male turtles. Turtles older than 5 years are suitable for parents. The stocking ratio was 3:1 and the density was 0.6 birds per square meter. Turtle feed crude protein is more than 40%, plus 20% of fresh feed. In South China, the tortoise has a sexual maturity of 4 years. The first production of turtles produces 1 nest of eggs and 1-4 nests. The 8-year-old female lays an average of 3.2 litters per year, with an average of 5.5 litters per litter and an average of 16-20 per year. The 10-year-old female lays 4.5 litters per year, producing more than 30 eggs per year, with a maximum of 14 nests. Studies have shown that the older the female is, the larger the individual is, the greater the number of eggs laid, the heavier weight of the eggs, and the larger hatchlings. Select turtles should be more than 7 years of age, a body weight of 0.5-0.7 kg, male turtle 0.3 kg.

Under artificial breeding conditions, there are not many diseases of the turtle at present and the harm is not great. Microbial diseases include carrionosis, white eye disease, red neck disease, acne disease, carrion disease, and water mold disease. Parasites are blisters, bell-shaped bugs, etc. Nutritional and physiological diseases include edema, leg cramps, hepatic necrosis, and lipodystrophy.

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