The close planting mode is widely used in chestnut production. The planting distance is mostly 3m×2m or 2m×2m. This planting technique not only makes full use of land, light and other resources, but also allows the chestnut to enter the fruiting stage in advance. , greatly increased the economic benefits of chestnut planting, but now there are many chestnut gardens after a few years into the fruiting period, the output has dropped sharply. The reason is mainly due to the severe depression of the chestnut garden and poor lighting, so today Xiaobian In other words, the densely planted chestnut garden anti-canopy closed trimming technology, for your reference. 1 Time cutting The dense planting management of dense chestnut garden is mainly based on the thinning of the chestnut garden (or transplant), the density of the chestnut is adjusted by thinning, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the chestnut garden are improved, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, and the flowering result is promoted. When the tightness of the chestnut garden reaches about 80%, it is necessary to adopt a method of interlacing or inter-segmental thinning to implement concentrated thinning. Of course, a flexible and flexible method can also be adopted. After the chestnut enters the fruit-bearing period, the thinning is selected year by year, the weakening is strong, and the inferior stay is good. It should be noted that the number of plants retained per mu in the dense planting should be no less than 30. 2 Control tree height and crown width 2.1 Control Tree Height The height of the control tree is the premise to ensure the ventilation and light transmission of the chestnut garden. The tree height is considered according to the planting density and site conditions. The height of the tree is generally less than the line spacing. The height of the flat chestnut tree should be less than 0.5 meters. The mountain chestnut has a height difference between the rows. The height of the tree can be equal to the line spacing, but it cannot be greater than the line spacing, otherwise it will affect the photosynthesis and flowering results of the chestnut tree. 2.2 Control crown The canopy crown of the densely planted chestnut garden should be slightly smaller than the row spacing of the plant, thus ensuring good ventilation and light transmission conditions of the chestnut garden. When the tightness of the chestnut garden reaches 80%, the yield will drop. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt the method of “scaling and combining†in time to rotate the main and side branches. The specific method is: by cutting the bud, opening the main and side branches, etc. The method is to purposely cultivate the oblique "Wazhi" as the succession branch in the middle and lower branches of the main and lateral branches, and retract to the rear "Wazhi" when the adjacent main and lateral branches are handed over, 1 tree main branch and side branch The retracting and pruning should be carried out year by year. This method is also the main means for the short-term anti-canopy closure of the chestnut-controlled crown in the densely planted pond. In addition, when trimming, the main side branch of the strong growth can be cut according to the principle of “going strong and staying weakâ€. Before leaving, the principle of “going straight and staying oblique†is to inhibit the growth of vegetative growth and achieve the purpose of controlling the crown against depression. 3 open the main and side branch angle During the growing season of chestnut, the method of pulling and supporting is adopted to open the main and side branches, so that the main branch angle is maintained at about 50°, thereby inhibiting the vegetative growth of the tree and delaying the closure of the chestnut. 4 “Single and double†combined with mother branches As a result, the "single branch" (ie, one long and one short) pruning of the mother branch has a certain effect of delaying the depression of the chestnut. The so-called "single-branched" branching form, that is, one of the "double branches" is left as a reserve branch with 3 to 5 buds, and the second year of winter shearing retracts the result of the previous year to the reserve branch. By using the results of the new shoots on the prepared branches, it is possible to maintain stable yield and better control of the crown to prevent depression. 5 autumn trim The fruit was harvested in time after harvesting, mainly to open the light path, improve the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the chestnut garden, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, and lay a good foundation for the second year of flowering, reducing the occurrence of canopy. The specific operation is as follows: dense branches, long branches, and lightly-developed branches, in order to maintain a good garden in the densely planted chestnut garden, where the plants do not copy hands, the rows are not connected, the height of the trees is not exceeded, and the scenery in the garden is clear. . 6 Moderately dense planting is good for controlling the crown The chestnut has the characteristics of the top of the strong branches, and the canopy expands faster. Therefore, the initial planting density of the chestnut garden should not be too large, and the row spacing should not be less than 3 m × 2 m. Otherwise, the more serious the canopy phenomenon will occur, and the initial planting density is 4 m. × 2 meters is more suitable.
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Anti-canopy closure pruning technique of chestnut garden in Qianxi, Hebei