Special Technical Director and Senior Agronomist Jiang Sushan The fall is coming when it is time to plant an off-season vegetable. Not only plastic sheds, solar greenhouses and other hardware facilities are in place, but anti-season vegetable fertilization technology is also crucial. We will introduce targeted technical points as follows: Determine the amount of fertilizer To determine the amount of economic fertilizer, select the appropriate fertilizer species, determine the appropriate fertilization period, fertilization methods and other content. To determine the amount of fertilizer to meet the crop demand, it should be calculated according to the level of output and soil fertility. For example, when the nutrient supply of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can meet crop needs, in order to ensure the intensity of fertilizer supply, 20 % to 40% of the amount of fertilizer. At present, under the level of fertility, nitrogen control, phosphorus reduction and potassium stabilization should be adopted, and targeted fertilizer application should be the principle of fertilization. Chlorine-based fertilizers should not be used in general, and volatile nitrogen fertilizers should not be used to control the fertilization of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers. When determining the fertilization, the length of crop growth period and harvested parts should be taken into consideration. For crops with a short growing period or harvested with roots, stems and leaves, 1/2 to 1/3 of nitrogen fertilizer, total phosphorus, potassium, and trace fertilizer can be used as base fertilizer, and 1/2 to 1/3 of nitrogen fertilizer is used as the crop. Fertilizer is applied in divided periods of growth. For fruits and vegetables, 1/3 nitrogen fertilizer, 2/3 phosphorus potassium fertilizer and all micro-fertilizers can be used as basal fertilizer, and 2/3 of nitrogen fertilizer and 1/3 of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be used as top-dressing for vegetative growth (mainly nitrogen fertilizer) and Reproductive growth (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) during the peak period of application, such as salt content of 0.2% to 0.3%, it is not appropriate to use chemical fertilizer as a base fertilizer. The method of application is according to the method of crop application, such as spreading, ditching, hole application, and water application. Crops such as tomatoes and cucumbers grown in protective plots are harvested at a rate of 10,000 pounds per mu. Nitrogen is used for 11.5 kilograms. The nitrogen utilization rate is calculated at 50%. The application of nitrogen cannot exceed 23 kilograms; and the absorption of phosphorus is 6 kilograms. 20% calculation, 30 kg of pheromone; absorb 21 kg of potassium oxide, due to the strong supply of potassium in the soil, the amount of potassium applied is equivalent to the amount of potassium required. Of course, the output of vegetables per acre of greenhouse or greenhouse is often higher than 10,000 pounds, so the amount of fertilizer can be increased as appropriate. However, if vegetables are replanted on the original protected land, the residual effect of the original crop fertilization should be taken into consideration, and excessive fertilization should not be allowed. Deep plowing and organic fertilizer The selected good quality organic manure is applied to the basal fertilizer for about 1 month before the cover shed. The application amount is generally 1 to 1.5 times that of Datian, ie 3,000 to 10,000 kilograms per mu, and the cultivator is plowed year by year to thicken the tillage layer. Soil and fertilizer blending to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil. In order to prevent ammonia and nitrous acid gas poisoning, the application of organic fertilizer should pay attention to maturity, especially chicken manure, requires a high degree of maturity and early application. It is forbidden to stack organic fertilizer in the shed for a long period of time so as not to evaporate ammonia and pollute the air. In addition, in order to avoid the harm of high salinity, organic fertilizers can be applied in combination with inorganic fertilizers. If a part of inorganic fertilizers is extracted for foliar spraying, it is more economical. Scientific irrigation Different crops have different soil moisture requirements. Crops with lighter roots, such as cucumbers, peppers, broccoli, celery, lettuce, etc., prefer moist soils. The number and frequency of irrigation should be appropriately increased; roots with deeper soil such as watermelon, melon, gourd, tomato, Zucchini and other drought-tolerant, should minimize the amount of irrigation and irrigation times. Different growth periods have different requirements for soil moisture. The water absorption capacity of the root system at the seedling stage is weak, and the soil moisture is required to be high. The rooting stage needs to control the water seedlings to promote rooting; during the peak period, the wetted crops must be watered frequently and the surface soil moisture must be maintained. Keep at about 85%; for drought-resistant crops, this period should not be excessive water supply. In plastic greenhouses, how to determine the appropriate irrigation time, irrigation temperature, irrigation volume and irrigation method is the key to achieve reasonable irrigation. For irrigation water in greenhouses, it is advisable to maintain the water temperature at 20 to 25°C. Exceeding 28°C will damage the root system of crops and cause diseases in greenhouse crops. The frequency of irrigation in the greenhouse should be frequent, but the amount of water can not be excessive. Different crops and the same crop have different water requirements at different stages of their development. The daily water consumption of vegetables in general is 1 mm in winter, 2 to 4 mm in spring and autumn, and 4 to 5 mm in summer. In addition, according to the conditions of ventilation, ground temperature, etc., actual records should be recorded. After analysis, the irrigation target is determined. At present, the greenhouse is often gully-irrigated. Gully-irrigation will cause soil compaction and rapid increase in air humidity. The most promising development is the drip irrigation method, which is not only due to the availability of cultivating and labor saving and water saving, but also the low humidity in the greenhouse, which can reduce the occurrence of diseases, and can also automatically control the amount of water and apply chemical fertilizers. Solve salt damage For the land that has been salted, the method of applying organic fertilizers can be solved by selecting the salt-tolerant vegetable crops such as Ganlan, spinach, squash, celery and broccoli. Changing soil to remove salt or water is also a very effective method. Sunlight greenhouses and plastic greenhouses are often over-fertilized and no natural precipitation is showered, causing the concentration of salt in the soil to rise. Standardized fertilization is an effective way to prevent the accumulation of greenhouse salt.
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