How to identify true and false fertilizer?

How to identify true and false fertilizer?

The method for easily identifying the authenticity of fertilizers is summarized in five words: "see, touch, smell, burn, and wet."

one look:

(a) identify from the packaging:

1, check the sign. According to relevant national regulations, chemical fertilizer packaging bags must be marked with the product name, nutrient content, grade, trademark, net weight, standard code, factory name, site, production license number, etc.; if the above-mentioned mark is not complete or incomplete, it may be false. Fertilizer or poor fertilizer.

2, check the bag seal. Special attention should be paid to chemical fertilizers that have obvious sealing and sealing marks on the bags. This fertilizer may be adulterated.

(B) identify from the shape and color:

Nitrogenous fertilizers (except lime nitrogen) and potash fertilizers are mostly crystals; phosphate fertilizers are mainly amorphous or powdery amorphous, such as calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers are in powder form, and superphosphates are mostly porous and lumpy: grain size and specific gravity of high-quality compound fertilizers. More uniform, smooth surface, not easy to absorb moisture and agglomerate. Such as: Russia produced three-element compound fertilizer (16 * 16 * 16) and the United States diammonium. The opposite is true of fertilizers, which are uneven in size, rough, and high in humidity and easy to agglomerate.

Different fertilizers have their own unique colors. Nitrogen fertilizers except for lime and nitrogen are almost all white, some are slightly yellow-brown or light blue (except for the addition of other ingredients); potassium is white or slightly red, such as potassium dihydrogen phosphate is white; Phosphate fertilizer is mostly dark gray, such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is gray, diammonium phosphate brown, etc., farmers friends can make a broad distinction.

Second, touch: Put the fertilizer on the palm of your hand, hold it firmly or press it and judge it according to your hand. Using this method, to determine the United States more effective than diammonium, grasping a handful of fertilizer grip several times, there is a "oily" feeling that is genuine, and the original dry is likely to be posing with flip-fit ​​compound fertilizer. In addition, phosphorus fertilizers made from fly ash can also be easily judged by “feeling”.

Third, sniffing: Simple judgement through the special smell of fertilizer. For example, ammonium bicarbonate has a strong ammonia odor; ammonium sulfate is slightly sour; calcium superphosphate has a sour taste. The smell of counterfeit fertilizer is not obvious. If superphosphate has a very pungent and sour taste, it is likely that waste sulfuric acid is used during the production process. This poor quality fertilizer is very toxic and can easily damage or burn the crop.

Fourth, burning: The chemical fertilizer sample is heated or burned, and the fertilizer is identified from the flame color, melting condition, smoke taste, residue condition and the like.

(1) Ammonium bicarbonate, directly decomposed by ammonium bicarbonate, produces a lot of white smoke, strong ammonia smell, and no residue; Ammonium chloride, directly decomposes or sublimates, produces a lot of white smoke, has strong ammonia and sour taste, no residue Urea, can quickly melt, take a white smoke, cast into a charcoal fire to burn, or take a glass sheet to contact the white smoke, can see a layer of white crystals attached to the glass; ammonium nitrate, but does not burn but melted and boiling like , smoke with ammonia smell.

(2) Phosphate fertilizers such as superphosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, phosphate rock powder, etc. did not change on red wood charcoal; bone powder quickly turned black and gave off char smell.

(3) Potassium sulfate potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium magnesium sulfate, etc. did not change on red wood charcoal, and the sound of glutinous rice was pronounced.

(4) Compound fertilizer The compound fertilizer is closely related to its constituent raw materials. When its raw material contains ammonia nitrogen or amido ammonia nitrogen, it will release a strong ammonia smell and a large amount of residues.

Fifth, add water to dissolve the identification method: take 1 gram of chemical fertilizer, put it in a clean glass tube (or glass, white porcelain bowl), add 10 milligrams of distilled water (or clean cold water), fully shake to see the dissolution of the situation, All dissolved is nitrogen or potassium fertilizer, soluble in water but residue is superphosphate; soluble in water without residue or residue is very small; superphosphate; soluble in water but the ammonia smell is ammonium bicarbonate Insoluble in water, but there is bubble generation and calcium carbide flavor is lime nitrogen.

(Testing qualitative identification: identify superphosphate and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, the two fertilizers removed a little, dissolved in a small amount of distilled water, with a wide pH test paper identification, acidic is superphosphate, was neutral calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer .

When potassium chloride or potassium sulfate is identified, 5% cesium chloride solution can be added to produce white precipitate of potassium sulfate; when 1% silver nitrate is added, white floc is produced as potassium chloride.

The last thing to be reminded is that although some fertilizers are true, but their content is very low, such as superphosphate, the available phosphorus content is less than 8% (the minimum standard should be up to 12%), it belongs to inferior chemical fertilizers, and has little effect on crops. If this happens, some samples (about 500 grams) can be collected and sent to local authorities for identification of true and false chemical fertilizers in agriculture, chemical, or standard departments.

Identification of true and false compound fertilizer

A look at the high-quality compound fertilizer is clearly written and has a registered trademark, and the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is indicated. Most of the fertilizer in the bag is red granules, and a few are white, with even granules, less powder, and no large lump. Counterfeit compound fertilizers are poorly granular, mostly powdery, with a gray or black color. Compound fertilizers are mostly red particles, and some are white particles because of the use of white potassium chloride as a raw material. Size 1 - 4 mm particles account for more than 90%. Counterfeit compound fertilizers are poorly grainy, mostly powdery, gray or black in color

The second hand picks up a little compound fertilizer on the palm of your hand and leaves a white powder on your hand, with a sticky sensation. If you break the particles, you can see that fine white crystals are good quality compound fertilizer. Inferior compound fertilizers are mostly black powders with no stickiness and no white crystals in the particles.

The three-burner will put the compound fertilizer on the head of a cigarette that is burned or burned on the burning charcoal and will immediately melt and foam boiling. At the same time, ammonia will be released and a purple flame will appear. The stronger the ammonia odor and the longer the purple flame, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. Counterfeit compound fertilizers do not melt or melt very little.

The tetra-soluble compound fertilizer has good dissolution performance. Put a few of the compound fertilizer into the container. After adding a small amount of water, stir quickly and the particles will dissolve rapidly. The faster the dissolution, the better the quality of the compound fertilizer. Counterfeit compound fertilizers have poor solubility and do not dissolve or dissolve a little after being stirred in water, leaving a large amount of rough, hard residue.

Buy fertilizer considerations

The first is to remind farmers to first select the products of regular enterprises when they purchase fertilizers, and to purchase them at the sales offices of legitimate companies or legitimate distribution units.

Second, when purchasing chemical fertilizers, it is necessary to look at the fertilizer packaging labels. Special attention should be paid to checking whether there are production licenses, product standard numbers, and agricultural registration certificate numbers. To check product quality certificates or certificates, as well as the production date and batch number, the producer, or The name and address of the distributor and the product must have instructions for use.

Thirdly, the identification of fertilizer products should be clearly defined and no words with false or exaggerated nature such as “King Fei” or “All Elements” should be allowed to be added. The selected fertilizer product should have uniform appearance without caking and should not be purchased in bulk.

The fourth is to purchase fertilizers to ask for receipts (invoices), credit cards, fertiliser fertilizers after the application of fertilizer packaging, in order to appear as evidence of disputes and claims.

Fifth, based on raw material prices and production costs, the fertilizer production enterprises will change their product prices within a certain range. The general compound fertilizer with a total nutrient content of 25% will have a price of 1,000 yuan/ton to 1,100 yuan/ton; the total nutrient content is 30. % of compound fertilizer, the price is 1100 yuan / ton to 1150 yuan / ton; total nutrient content of 45% of the compound fertilizer, the price is 1700 yuan / ton to 1800 yuan / ton; every increase in a nutrient content, the price increases 30 yuan ~40 yuan. When farmers purchase chemical fertilizers, they should not be fooled into buying cheaper fertilizers.

Reasonable fertilization of corn

Corn fertilization should be based on soil fertility and varietal theory of the amount and proportion of various nutrient elements required for soil testing and formulating fertilization.

First, rational use of agricultural fertilizer, with 20-30 cubic meters of fertilizer per hectare, hectares can increase 450-600 kg of corn.

Second, scientific application of chemical fertilizers. Take a reasonable mix of N, P and K to increase production by 750-2000 kg. On medium-fertility plots, N135-160 kg per hectare, pure P75 kg, and pure K100 kg (equivalent to 6-7 bags of urea, 3 bags of diammonium, 2 bags of potassium sulfate plus 10 kg of zinc sulfate; or 6 Bags N, P, and K each contain 15% of a three-element compound fertilizer, 1 bag of diammonium, 5 bags of urea, and 10 kilograms of zinc sulfate).

Third, fertilization technology. The scientific fertilization technology is suitable for the appropriate application of chemical fertilizers in stages.

1, phosphate fertilizer. 2/3 base fertilizer (2 bags of diammonium), 1/3 mouth fat (1 bag of diammonium).

2, nitrogen fertilizer. Base fertilizer, 2 bags of diammonium plus 2 bags of urea. Top dressing was carried out at the jointing stage. All the medium-maturing varieties had 17-19 pieces of leaves, 30% of the leaves were fully expanded (5 unfolded leaves, 10 visible leaves), and 3-4 bags of urea were used per hectare.

3, potassium fertilizer. 2/3 base fertilizer and 1/3 top dressing.

4, zinc fertilizer. All base fertilizer.

5, top dressing. To deepen the plant, it is advisable to leave the corn plant at 10-20cm, and it is usually applied in a furrow, covering about 10cm of soil.

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