Diagnosis and Treatment of Late Stage Peanut Disease

First, the symptoms of disease

(A) Net spot disease: The symptoms of this disease usually show two types: one is a stain type. The lesions are small, approximately circular, 0.7 to 1 cm in diameter, dark brown, with sharp edges. There are yellow halos around and can penetrate the leaves, but the lesions formed on the back of the leaves are smaller than the front. The other is a textured type. The lesions are relatively large, with a diameter of up to 1.5 cm, with white reticular or star-shaped spots on the front of the leaves, and brown spots in the middle. The lesions are irregularly shaped, the edges are not clear, there are no yellow halos around, and the coloration is uneven, generally not through the leaves.

(B) Brown spot: The initial stages of the damaged leaves are yellow-brown small spots, which are not easily distinguishable from melasma. However, with the development of the disease, brown spots have near-circular or irregular shaped spots. The lesion diameter is 0.4 to 1 In centimeters, it is larger than peanut black spot. The lesions are yellow-brown to dark brown on the front, yellow-brown on the back, and the yellow halos around are wide and distinct. For a long time, the lesions are sometimes connected to form larger, irregular lesions. The lesions on the stalks are brownish to dark brown, oblong, and when the lesions are for a long time, they also cause the stems to die.

(3) Melasma: The lesions of this disease are generally 0.1 to 0.5 cm in diameter, which is smaller than brown spot and nearly round or round. The lesions are dark brown and the leaves on both sides are similar in color. There is usually no yellow halo around the lesion or a narrow, indistinct light yellow halo. The lesion on the back of the leaf usually produces many black dots, concentric lenticular patterns, and a layer of dark brown moldy material. The germs impregnated the stalks, resulting in dark brown sunken lesions, and severe stem dies.

(4) Focal spot disease: The disease usually produces two types of symptoms, focal spot and flammable spot. Symptoms of common focal spot type are pathogenic bacteria invading from the tip of the leaf, and with the inward expansion of the main vein of the leaf blade, there is a large wedge-shaped spot with a clear yellow halo around the spot. A small number of lesions were infiltrated from the leaf margins, and the lesions developed into the leaves. They gradually changed from green to yellow and brown at the initial stage. The edges of the leaves were often dark brown at the late stage and surrounded by yellow halos. Symptoms of the fleck type are that lesions often appear on the front of the leaf, lesions less than 0.1 centimeter in diameter, nearly round and sometimes concave. In the case of a pre-harvest, rainy condition, the disease is prone to acute symptoms, with round or irregular black-brown, water-stained, large patches on the leaves, which quickly spread to cause dead whole leaves.

(5) Bletillariasis: The pathogenic bacteria invade from the base and roots of the peanut near the ground. The diseased tissue is dark brown at the initial stage. White mycelial filaments are grown soon and cover the affected area. When the environmental conditions are appropriate, the mycelium spreads quickly. The ground and the lower stalks of the peanuts near the ground and the soil surface around the diseased plants can grow a layer of white silk filiform mycelium. When the weather is dry, it only harms the underground part of the peanut, and the mycelium is not obvious. In the later period, many sclerotia are formed in the mycelial layer of the diseased part.

Second, chemical control

When peanuts are infected with diseases such as net blotch, brown blotch, black spot, and focal spot disease, 50% of carbendazim per hectare is sprayed when the incidence of main stem of peanut is 5% to 7%. 75% chlorothalonil 1.25 ~ 1.5 kg, 1.5% polymycin or 3.75 ~ 4.5 kg of mesitylene for prevention and treatment. Apply once every 7-10 days, spray 2 or 3 times.

In the early stages of the disease, it can use 40% sclerotium net wettable powder 1.2 kg or 40% carbendazim wettable powder 1.2 kg per hectare, spraying 1125 kg of water on the stem base, and the control effect is over 70%.

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