Introduced Performance and Cultivation Techniques of Non-sheathed Kidney Bean in the United States

I. Variety sources and introduction performance

The U.S. non-sheathed peas stand upright without the support cowpeas, or simply no fuss, and it is a variant of cowpeas. It is a no-vine pod variety introduced from the United States in the 1980s by China's vegetable research department. It was first introduced into Fujian in 1985, and it was planted in Fujian province. Po County Vegetable Station was successfully introduced in 2009 from the Vegetable Research Institute of Minquan County in Henan Province. Planting results for three consecutive years showed that the plant stands upright, with plant heights of 50 to 60 cm, strong branching, short internodes, thick pedicels, and indeterminate knot habits. Each plant has 20 to 25 knots. The pods are 40-60 cm long and 0.9-1.2 cm thick. The average weight of the pods is 15-20 grams. The tender green is light green, the milky white is later, the flesh is thick, the quality is fine, the fiber is less, the anti-aging, the taste is good. Spring sowing can be harvested in 60-65 days, and summer sowing can be listed in 40-45 days. Continuous scarring period of 50 to 60 days, the whole growth period of 120 days or more. The average yield per acre is 2000 kg. Under the condition of adequate fertilizer and water management, the output of the extension harvesting period can be higher than that of the sprawling cowpea 28-2, and the yield per mu can reach more than 2,500 kg.

Hi fertilizer, heat-resistant, drought-tolerant, plants short, flexible, not lodging, strong wind resistance, without scaffolding, labor saving material, especially suitable for the promotion of the lack of bamboo poles in areas. Intercropping with low stalk crops such as potato and melon yields considerable economic benefits.

Second, high-yield cultivation techniques

1. Reasonable crop rotation, fine soil preparation for the variety of the soil requirements are not strict, all kinds of soil can be cultivated, but avoid continuous cropping, cultivation should choose ample light, before the non-legume crop land. After the harvest, the field is ploughed 25 to 30 centimeters in time, and the ploughs are ploughed again one time before sowing so that the soil is sufficiently finely crushed.

2. Timely sowing in Malipo County, low-altitude river below 1000 meters above sea level in the tropical, sub-tropical areas can be sown in spring, summer and autumn (that is, sowing from early February to early August), elevation 1000 to 1500 meters The temperate mountainous areas can be planted in spring and summer (ie, sown in stages from early March to early July), and the specific cultivation season can be determined according to market demand. Within the scope of appropriate sowing, the sowing date can be appropriately advanced in places with high altitude, and vice versa.

3. For proper planting of individual plants, plant 1.2 meters in length, with a width of 90 centimeters, a width of 30 centimeters, a ditch depth of 15 to 20 centimeters, two rows per row, a row spacing of 50 centimeters, and a hole spacing of 30 centimeters per mu. 3,700 points, 3 seeds per hole, 2 seedlings per hole, 2 kg per acre. In the early spring, it can be interplanted with corn, sugar cane and other crops, intercropping with sugar cane, and planting 1 row of kidney beans on the rows of sugarcane in the middle of two rows. The distance is 30 to 40 cm. Intercropping with corn, using a sowing space of 3 meters width, planting 2 rows of corn as 4 rows of cowpeas, using wide and narrow rows of corn, large row spacing of 2.6 meters, small row spacing of 0.4 meters, 40 to 50 cm spacing, 3 seeds per hole , Dingmiao 2, 1800 ~ 2200 per acre; planted in the middle line of 4 rows of kidney beans, spacing 50 cm, 30 cm from the hole, 2900 ~ 3000 acres per acre, sowing 3 per hole, 1.5 kg per mu. After the cowpeas are sown and covered with soil, they are covered with a plastic film with a thickness of 0.005 mm. This not only warms and moisturizes, but also helps the later soybean meal not to contact the soil and improve the quality of soybean meal products.

4. The scientific fertilization cowpea fertilizer is beneficial but not tolerant to fertilizer. The principles of fertilization are as follows: First, apply base fertilizer and top-dressing in time. The second is to increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and apply nitrogen fertilizer in an appropriate amount. The first is to control and promote the spraying of leaf fertilizer to prevent plant growth and premature aging. Basal fertilizer generally applies 2000-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer per acre, 30-40 kg of superphosphate, 100 kg of ash (or 10 kg of 50% potassium sulfate). Before the cowpea flowered and scabbed, the requirement for water and fertilizer was not high, and the management was mainly controlled. The basal fertilizer is no longer top-dressing and can be properly watered when the weather is dry. When the first inflorescence pods are sitting and the subsequent inflorescences appear, combined with top dressing and watering, 10 to 15 kg of ternary compound fertilizer is applied to 200 times of water per mu. During the harvest period, the topdressing fertilizer was applied every 10 days or so, and 20 to 25 kg of triad compound fertilizer was applied each time, so as to maintain the robust growth of plants and flowering and scab. In the middle and late stages of plant growth, combined with pest control, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate + 0.2% urea mixed solution can be sprayed on the leaves, sprayed once every 7-10 days, and sprayed 2 or 3 times to ensure sufficient nutrient supply. , laying the foundation for high yields.

5. Timely control of pests and diseases

1 cowpea root rot. The disease belongs to soil-borne diseases, and it is prone to occur under conditions of high temperature and high humidity, and it is seriously affected by heavy rain and poor drainage in summer and autumn. The main root of the plant and the stem below the surface are the main parts of the victim.

Control methods: implement crop rotation, cultivation with narrow sorghum or narrow trenches, drain gullies regularly, reduce humidity, remove diseased plant residues in time, centralize burning or deep burial, and use pesticides for prevention and treatment in sporadic disease in the field. Can be used 50% carbendazim 300 times Irrigation root, 250 grams per hole irrigating solution, every 7 to 10 days irrigation 1 times, even irrigation 2 to 3 times; also available 50% carbendazim WP 500 times Spray, spray the stem base of the plant, spray once every 7 days, spray 3 times.

2 bean rust, powdery mildew. Rust mostly occurs in the late stage of the growth of cowpea, and it mainly damages the leaves. In severe cases, stem vines, petioles, and soybean pods can be damaged. Powdery mildew mainly affects the leaves and can also invade vines and pods.

Control methods: In the early stages of the two diseases, use 15% triadimefon WP 1000 times solution, or 20% triadimefon EC 2500 times, or 50% carbendazim WP 500 to 600 times solution , Or 70% thiophanate-methyl 600 to 800 times liquid spray, every 7 to 10 days spray 1, continuous spray 2 times (with triadimefon treatment interval can be extended to 15 days).

3 pods. Soybean meal is also known as bean aphid, bean meal, and it is one of the most difficult pests to control in bean production in recent years. Larvae eat pods, flower buds, and seeds, causing maggots and maggots. As feces accumulates, it can also cause rot, seriously affecting the yield and quality of cowpea.

Control methods: In addition to timely clearing the field of falling flowers, falling leaves, remove the wounded leaves and concentrated burning pods, the main use of chemical control. The strategy of chemical control is to “treat flowers without treatment”, that is, the first dose of cowpea in the initial flowering period, and then use it once every 7-10 days for 2 or 3 consecutive times. Should be selected in the first flowering period to the full flowering period of the cowpea, that is, 7 to 10 am when the flower buds are opened, spray the buds and tender pods, and the petals that fall on the ground must also be sprayed. The agent can be used with 1.8% avermectin EC 3000 times, 48% chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin EC 3000 times. Different pesticides should be alternately used. After picking, the drug must be picked. After spraying, prohibit pre-harvest spraying and avoid poisoning.

4 Locust, red spider. In the early stages of the locust and red spider, they were sprayed with a mixture of 10% imidacloprid WP 1500 times and 1.8% avermectin EC 3,000 times, sprayed on the back of the blade, and sprayed once every 7-10 days. 3 times.

6. Appropriate harvesting time is appropriate when harvesting tender, full, milky white, and when seed traces have not yet been revealed. Generally 11 to 13 days after flowering, it is a harvest time for the commodity. Do not injure other buds on flower spikes when harvesting, harvest them and tie them into a plastic bag.

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