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The season of the year is spring. The image shows the importance of childbirth in the production of the whole year. Under this special condition this year, cultivating seedlings is the key measure to win the bumper harvest. In the case of drought and water shortages, the first step is to determine the best way to raise rice seedlings, and the second is to implement the technical measures for raising rice seedlings. When determining the way of raising children, there are three ways to choose from: one is to promote dryland breeding at a place where water can be taken in part; the other is to coordinate the development of goods from different places in an area where water is not available; It is through farmers' friends, friends, and other methods that they have contacted customers in different places. In drought-stricken and difficult-to-fed places, we must also seize the spring sowing opportunities and soil moisture conditions to cultivate prepared maize seedlings, and in particular we must raise as many nursery red seedlings as possible. This is not only the last line of defense against the disaster in the spring, but also As a green feed for the development of animal husbandry.
2, how to cultivate age-appropriate drought and strong?
There is good way to do good food for half a year. The quality of seedlings is the key to high rice yield. To cultivate age-appropriate drought-resistant and strong-bred, we should focus on the following key technical aspects:
1) Choose the right variety. High-quality varieties are those that are compatible with the local natural conditions, production levels, and cultivation techniques. It's not just about the size of the panicles, but the quality is good. In drought-fed conditions, low-altitude areas must first consider whether rice can be planted in mid-July to avoid the effects of high-temperature and drought-prone droughts in late July to early August. Areas should consider avoiding the effects of low temperature and rain in autumn on rice flowering, that is, in the case of late sowing, select short-growing varieties. Followed by strong drought resistance and low temperature resistance. The third is that in the case of severe weather, the diseases and insect pests are heavier, and the varieties with better disease resistance and seed treatment should be selected. In regions and fields where drought and drought threaten large areas, where planting periods are postponed due to lack of water, breeds with a growth period of more than 160 days should be avoided.
2) Adhere to timely broadcast. Proper sowing can effectively extend the vegetative growth period of rice, increase the effective accumulated temperature, increase the accumulation of photosynthetic dry matter, promote early maturation, effectively reduce the impact of high-temperature drought or autumn wind in late growth stage of rice, and lay a foundation for increasing rice yield per unit area. Due to the fact that most of the current promotion varieties are large spike types and generally have a long growth period, in order to avoid the impact of the most severe disaster of the year, the drought, it is usually required that the flowers be planted before July 15. Therefore, timely sowing is required.
3) Prepare enough nursery seedbeds. Choose lee, sunny, easy-to-use sandy lands, preferably gardens, for rice seedlings. Weeds and straw residue should be promptly removed after shallow plowing, and fine soil should be subdivided and leveled. Seedlings for seedlings should be soil treated before sowing. Spread 70% of enemy pine 2.5 g of water and 2 kg of water per square metre of stubble, spray evenly with fine sand and mix well, disinfect and disinfect uniformly, or use dry nurse as seeding. Uniform seed dressing (each bag of dry nursery 350g seed dressing 1-1.2kg seeds), disinfection and sterilization of seeds to improve the seed's water and soil holding capacity. The bottom water of the seedbed shall be thoroughly irrigated, so that the soil layer of the seedbed is in the state of saturated water and the surface of the seedbed is free of clear water. Preparing sufficient seedbeds is an important measure to cultivate age-appropriateness. The water source conditions are relatively good. When the seedling age is within 50 days of transplanting, the seedling area per acre of Honda (1kg seed count) needs to use a 1.5m wide and 20m long stand; the transplanting time is 60 days. In the above, when sowing Honda (1 kg of seeds), a depression with a width of 1.5 meters and a length of at least 30 meters is required.
4) Improve the quality of sowing. We must do a good job in seed treatment to increase the vitality of seeds and ensure consistency in the emergence of seedlings. When the average temperature on that day stably passed 10°C, the cold tail warmer began to sow. After sowing, sprinkle a layer of thin soil cover seeds, cover soil 1 cm, the seeds must be tightly covered, filming from the arch cover film. It is strongly advocated to cover double membranes, that is, a layer of old membrane is covered on the surface of the depression, and then a second membrane is strung and covered so as to facilitate heat preservation and moisturization and early emergence.
5) Strengthen seedbed management. Soaking to the seedling stage is mainly for heat retention and moisturizing. When the temperature in the membrane exceeds 35°C, attention should be paid to ventilation and cooling. Emergence to a leaf-to-heart period, to adjust the temperature and humidity control, promote the root bar, the intra-membrane temperature is maintained within 25 °C. One leaf, one per square metre, with 7 grams of 1 gram of dexamethasone, with 1,000 times the liquid spray, to prevent blight; such as bed soil whitish, can be added to the amount of water. From one leaf to the second leaf, the air is gradually ventilated and the seedlings are wetted, and the intra-membrane temperature is kept at about 20°C. After two leaves and one heart, gradually open the shed film. Three-leaf and one-hearted chase weaning fertilizer, chase urea 5 to 10 grams per square meter, watering 1000 times evenly spray, and spray water wash seedlings. Pay attention to the prevention of seedbed weeds: First, before the three-leaf one-hearted use of Putian a net (30% dichloro benzyl wettable powder) 30 grams per mu watered spray. The second is to spray 2-3 days before sprouting or after removing the film with 17.2% of pups wettable powder 200 g/mu.
3. What key techniques should be watched for to prevent rotting dead seedlings?
The temperature in spring this year has changed greatly, and cold waves have become more frequent. In some places where the first promotion of dry nursery eels is conducted, special attention should be paid to the following measures to prevent rotting and dead seedlings.
The first is to prevent cold seedlings. In the seedlings 2 leaves 1 heart before the main insulation film. After seeding the cover film, soil shall be compacted around the seedbed and the broken film shall be promptly repaired. In case of strong cooling, a film may be added to increase the temperature inside the film to prevent cold seedlings.
The second is the prevention and treatment of blight and dead crops. On the basis of disinfection of the seedbed, when the seedlings were 1 leaf and 1 heart, they sprayed or splashed them with 70% “enexone†5 grams with water 1-2 kg per square meter in the afternoon to prevent blight and set dead seedlings.
The third is to prevent water shortages. When the surface of the seedbed soil is whitish, or if the seedlings are not dew, sooner or later, or when the leaves of the seedlings in the middle of the day are unwound, a small amount of water shall be poured in time to keep the bed soil moist.
The fourth is to prevent high temperature burning seedlings. This year, the temperature in our city is generally high in spring, and the seedlings have one leaf to one heart and two leaves. The air is gradually ventilated and hydrated. The temperature in the membrane is maintained at about 20°C. After 2 leaves and 1 heart, it is necessary to uncover the seedlings in a timely manner to prevent burning of seedlings at high temperatures.
4. How to prolong the age of the rice and prepare for drought and other rain plants?
Under the normal conditions, the age of the transplanting machine is about 30 days, the age of the dumplings is about 40 days, and the age of the waterfowl is about 50 days. If it is too late to plant water, it will have to extend its age to more than 60 days so that it can be planted in water.
First, thin seeding fosters age and strength. That is, by expanding the area of ​​seedlings for seedlings, reducing the seeding rate per square meter, and extending the period of stagnation and seedling growth of seedlings, the seedling ageing elasticity of early seeding seedlings can be effectively increased, and the seedling quality can be improved, which can increase the yield and solve the problem. The contradiction of the previous period without water transplanting. The thinner the broadcast, the greater the elasticity. If the other management is well coordinated, the age of the dry seedlings can exceed 70 days.
The second is to extend the age of chemical control. Based on the dry sowing and thinning sowing, spraying paclobutrazol 1 to 2 times in stages from the 3rd leaf, spraying 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder to 50 kg per acre (evenly according to 150PPM concentration) to promote growth. The commander, when the car was applied, was waterless, and the water tank was refilled the next day after the application. The same age can extend the age of more than 10 days.
The third is two-stage nursery. For the seedlings with normal seeding time and large seeding rate, if they have to wait for the hydroponics and the seedling age is more than 60 days, the seedlings should be extended by two stages. When the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart, they are transplanted at a row spacing of 6-10 cm and a nesting distance of 5-8 cm. 2% to 3 days after planting, 15% paclobutrazol is applied per acre with the same method as the above method. If the age of the aphid exceeds 70 days, the azole is applied again after 15 days in the same manner to cultivate long-lasting pods. Strong and strong.
The fourth is transplanting seedlings. When only a part of the plot has water and it is not planted, the seedlings shall be planted in a row with a spacing of 26 cm and a spacing of 6 cm in order to provide enough seedlings for adjacent water-free rice fields; when there is water in the adjacent rice fields At the time, the seedlings were transplanted and transplanted from the already planted fields, following a row of 2 nests per 3 litters.
5, how can we effectively increase the yield?
The so-called "old calluses" refers to seedlings whose leaf age has reached more than 70 days and whose leaf age has exceeded 9 leaves. Due to the relatively long age of seedlings, the quality of seedlings is relatively poor. After such seedlings are transplanted to Honda, they are basically no longer partured, or the high-order tillers they produce cannot be grown into forests. The cultivation technique is to rely on not relying on inserting (or other) hair. When transplanting, the ear number must be ensured by increasing the number of planting litters or nests, thereby effectively increasing the yield. Generally, the row spacing is 26 cm and the spacing is 16-20 cm. 10-12 seedlings are planted in each nest, and enough seedlings are planted to ensure effective panicles. Special attention should be paid to the control of aphids to reduce the occurrence of white spikes.
6. What principles should be adhered to when rice fields are changed to dry farming?
Due to the persistence of a major drought last year, the current difficulties in planting rice seedlings and timely planting in our city caused great difficulties. However, when it is decided to change the type of dry farming, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis from the aspects of the disaster-resistance throughout the year and the drainage status of the dry land blocks that are changed all year round. According to the meteorological department's analysis and forecast, this year is characterized by both droughts and floods. The annual rainfall is normal, with high temperatures and low rainfall in spring. Heavy rains began in late April, and drought began in mid-July. Therefore, the local agro-technical departments must conduct analysis according to local conditions and decide on the basis of three principles instead of blindly changing droughts. First, Zhenggou Tian, ​​Pingba rice fields, we must adhere to the waterway. These paddy fields generally have high soil moisture and relatively easy water storage. Drainage during the rainy season is relatively difficult, which may easily lead to reduced crop yields or even no harvest. The second is that the high levels of the nine droughts in the past decade, Yada and Wangtian, must adhere to dry roads that are not accessible by waterways and resolutely change droughts. The third is for the general? Y Tian, ​​according to local conditions, according to local conditions, to do a good job in both breeding and drought, shallow Pingqia area in early June can not plant rice, we must decisively replant other crops.
7. Why dry land should be drought-resistant?
Whether it is water-planting or planting dry planting, soil storage is the fundamental measure for drought resistance in agriculture. The use of a tillage machine to plough or manually dig a dry plate field can cut off the soil capillaries and reduce the evaporation of deep soil moisture along the capillaries to prevent drought conditions from increasing. Second, it can block cracks and prevent precipitation from leaking from the cracks to deep layers. After soil preparation, precipitation can be used at any time, or water plugging, water diversion, pumping, and plugging can be used at any time to store water and drought.
8. How should the tiller be used for cultivating dry fields?
This year, the area of ​​dry paddy fields is large, and it is worthwhile to use the tiller to spin till the soil and save labor, work efficiency, low cost, and good site preparation quality. To use post-planting and pre-transplantation periods as much as possible, we must adopt a combination of cultivating and cultivating operations on the scale of cultivating professional teams and single-cultivated tillage operations to provide farmers with high-quality prime maintenance or low-profit services, and reduce farmer's arable land costs as soon as possible. Eradicate the dry field. Rotary ploughing requirements: the soil with sand fields, the whole field can be ploughed once; the soil is more viscous field, 1.5-2 meters wide fields around the field should be ploughed twice to make the soil as fine as possible, easy to have water When the mud scattered cracks leak proof.
9. How can water and water be stored after cultivating in dry fields?
It is inconvenient for farmers using tillage machines to plow up paddy fields to start digging dry rice fields as soon as possible. It is recommended that the paddy field should be double-digged over 1.5-2 meters wide and the soil blocks should be finely crushed to facilitate the blocking of cracks and leaks when there is water. After the paddy fields are cultivated, water sources should actively take water and pump water to irrigate the fields. If there are no water sources, they must make full use of good rainfall. Rainwater should be grabbed by Tianbian and Tianjiao in order to store water and protect drought. Plug in.
10. How can a rice field insist on planting a timely harvest and resist the disaster?
Early and timely planting is conducive to high yields and stable production, and it must be done as far as possible. All paddy fields that have water should seize favorable (tianyou water, fine weather) timings to timely plant the land and plant early to promote early-onset, reduce water surface evaporation, enhance drought resistance, and lay a foundation for high yields. The temperature and leaf age indexes of rice fields that were planted in due time were: When the average temperature on the day was stable at 15°C and the average leaf age reached 4.0-5.5, they were transplanted to Honda.
11. How to mix water and plant water?
The uniform water and irrigated planting hoe is a drought-resistant planting and plugging technical measure that is aimed at severe drought conditions and serious shortage of planting water resources. In order to make full use of all existing water resources, we should adopt water from rivers, ponds, reservoirs, and rafts to draw water, draw water from the deeper paddy fields, and distill water from rice fields that have already been planted to neighboring rice fields, as long as we can achieve Paddy soil is fully inundated with water and can be planted.
12. What are the points that should be paid attention to when transplanting rice in late-planting rice in the water field?
The overall requirement for planting rice that is planted with water in the field is to grab the water, plant the grass, increase the number of seedlings and increase the number of ears. In the case of paddy fields with hydroponics, once precipitation or other sources of water are encountered, water plugging, water diversion, and pumping should be adopted immediately to grab water and plant trees. Late planting should increase planting density. 60-70 days of age, planting more than 13,000 litters (86 inches) per acre of paddy field, planting two plants (2 grain valleys) per pot, seedlings; planting more than 15,000 litters (85 inches) per acre of paddy field for more than 70 days. Each seedling is planted with about 10 seedlings, and the number of seedlings per mu reaches about 150,000 seedlings, and the number of effective panicles is basically planted.
13, how to fertilize rice due to drought?
Late-planting rice fields are generally cultivated fields with small spring crops, or dry fields or fields with no water-cutting fields. The soil fertility of these rice fields is declining, and fertilization must be added to meet the needs of nutrients for growth and development. It should be combined with organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
The specific fertilization methods are: 1,000 kg of livestock manure per hectare of paddy field, 35% of rice-specific compound fertilizer 35-40 kg as the base fertilizer. When Yu Jiangang just pulled out, he applied 3-5 kg ​​of urea per acre of rice field for panicle fertilizer, and applied 5 kg of urea per acre of rice field as a grain fertilizer at full heading stage. When planting hoeing, if the cricket age is more than 60 days, base fertilizer should be applied, and panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer should be applied separately.
14. What are the technical points of no-tillage transplanting?
The method of transplanting rice in paddy field with no-tillage alfalfa is suitable for transplanting seedlings whose age has reached the deadline and can no longer extend the age, such as transplanting seedlings and plastic floppy disks. Applicable fields are paddy field where the field is full of water without irrigation and the soil is very wet. The technical points of no-till and nesting cultivation are:
The first is to remove field weeds. Tanabe set aside 1.5 to 2 meters, according to 85-inch specifications, nests, planting 15,000 litters per acre of rice fields, per litter of plastic floppy disk seedlings, seedlings, or two plants (2 capsules) Valley) seedlings.
The second is to give enough water and fertilizer. Immediately after the planting, water manure was applied and 1500-2000 kg was applied per acre of paddy field.
The third is to pay attention to the application of fertilizer topdressing. In case of rainfall within 10 days of planting, it is necessary to seize the opportunity to plough Tianbian and do a good job of plugging and storage of shallow water at the Tianbian foot. Apply 35% of compound fertilizer and 35-kg of urea 5-7.5 kg per acre evenly.
The fourth is to carry out chemical weeding and manual weeding in time.
15. What are the technical points for reclaiming rice from the old rice dumplings?
When the rice seedlings reach the age of 90 days, most of the rice strains have been jointed with long panicles, and it is possible to adopt the method of planting old rake piles to accumulate renewable rice to obtain higher rice yield. The technical points are:
The first is to cut the seedlings and leave the piles. During transplanting, cut the seedlings in the middle of the plant and keep the low pile at the top. The height of the pile is 10 to 15 centimeters. The low secondary secondary tillers and the regenerated shoots are used to obtain large yields.
The second is to increase planting density, planting 20,000 litters per acre of rice fields, and inserting two plants (two grains) in each pot.
Third, the base fertilizer topdressing "a clear", per acre of rice field application of livestock manure 1000 kg, 35% of the rice compound fertilizer 30 kg, 5 kg of urea.
16, rice cover cultivation should pay attention to what?
Rice-covered cultivation refers to a kind of drought-resistance and water-saving cultivation technique for rice transplanted on moist rice fields covered with plastic film or covered with straw.
When straw mulching is used, the first step is to properly clean the field surface and surrounding areas, and to clear away the drainage and irrigation system. Choose the rainy day or the eye-catching afternoon directly on the rice paddy field with a distance of 3 to 4 cm at a distance of 33 to 40 cm. Groove, planting dry seedlings in the trenches. When planting, the axillae can be planted in the nest after the first time, with a small amount of soil solid seedlings, can also be used a small blade and other tools while planting side of the nest. The planting spacing is 20 to 25 centimeters, 12,000 litters per acre, and 2 seedlings per pot. After planting, the roots should be filled with water, and the conditions can be filled with horse water. Use rice straw, wheat bran, and rapeseed shells to evenly cover rice rows.
When cultivating with mulch film, the following points should be noted:
The first is to intensively cultivate rice fields. First apply enough base fertilizer, and then use tiller to cultivate two or three times to reach the fine crushing of the soil blocks and the flatness of the field.
The second is to timely cover the film cover rice. After soil preparation, press 2 meters (6 feet) to open the ditch, the car surface is 1.67 meters (5 feet), the car ditch is 0.33 meters (1 ft.), and the wet soil is covered with a mulching film to plant the dry seedlings. 6 rows per plant, 4 to 5 inches from the nest (retreat). Tanabe stayed 1.5 to 2 meters without planting pods, and planted a certain number of prepared seedlings between the rows in the plane.
Thirdly, after planting, the mulch must be tightly compacted around the mulch, and the open hole should be sealed with mud to prevent evaporation loss of soil moisture.
Fourth, timely response to rainfall or water sources to do a good job Tianbian Tianjiao, off shallow water to promote delivery. If the rain comes late, it can be combined with Shi Qingshui manure and urea to attack the manure.
Fifth, after the water is turned off, the plastic film should be removed to facilitate the exchange of water and gas, increase the temperature of the ground, and promote delivery.
Sixth, weeding, we must adopt a combination of chemical weeding techniques and manual weeding.
17. What should be done for the drought-cultivated dry-water planting rice paddy?
Rice has amphibious characteristics, so long as it maintains water in the field at the peak of water requirement during booting, flowering and grain filling, as long as the soil is fully moist (more than 70% of soil moisture) at other periods, it can normally meet the physiological water requirement of rice. Claim. Therefore, rice can also be planted on dry ground in the form of drought-raising seedlings, which is also a drought-resistant plant protection measure under special conditions this year. The main approach is:
The first is the use of dry seedlings. The results of production practices showed that rice aquaculture will cause a certain degree of reduction in yield, while dry and dry cultivation may yield high yields.
The second is the fine soil preparation and the application of base fertilizer. Per 1,000 mu of rice fields, 1,000 kg of livestock manure water is applied, and 35% of the rice-specific compound fertilizer is evenly distributed, 30-35 kg, and then the soil is ploughed twice with a tiller to make the soil finely crushed and the field is flat.
The third is the rational close planting, full rooting (live seedlings) water, Tanabe reserved water, etc. Planting specifications 85 inches, planting more than 15,000 litters per acre of rice fields, planting two plants per pot (2 grains). After planting enough water to promote seedlings turn green survival. At the time of planting, Tanabe set aside 1.5 to 2 meters wide for the time being, and planting density was increased in several rows near the field side to prepare seedlings for planting fields.
The fourth is the entire field water pipe. In the event of rainfall can turn off the water when the whole field must be timely ploughing Tianbian set aside empty belt, do a good job Tianbian foot plugging and impounding the implementation of water pipes, and seize the time to transplant seedlings ready to field side empty belt. If combined with plastic film covering cultivation, it is more conducive to maintaining soil moisture, enhancing drought resistance and promoting normal growth of seedlings.
Dryland rice cultivation 17 Q
1. How to raise enough rice seedlings under drought and water shortage conditions?