Method for preventing physiological diseases of mushrooms
There are five main physiological diseases of mushrooms: hard open umbrellas, malformed mushrooms, thin skin mushrooms, land mushroom and red root rust spots. The prevention and control methods are as follows: 1. Hard open umbrella: the mushroom encounters abnormal climate, young fruiting body opens the umbrella early The phenomenon is called hard parachute, generally above 18 degrees Celsius, with a temperature difference of about 10 degrees Celsius, or sudden cooling. Prevention methods: Do a good job of insulation before temperature changes, and increase the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house. 2. Malformed Mushrooms: The reason for the formation is that the thickness of the cover soil is different, the mushrooming site is low, and the carbon dioxide content in the mushroom house exceeds 0.3%; the injury caused by the phytotoxicity, diseases, and pests. Control methods: Pay attention to the quality and ventilation of the earth covering, avoid harmful gases from entering the mushroom house; pay attention to the control of pests and diseases. 3. Thin-shelled mushrooms: The entire fruiting stage can occur, mainly due to the temperature inside the mushroom room is too low, or caused by excessive ventilation on the bed. Control methods: To strengthen ventilation at high temperatures, eliminate the humid air inside the mushroom house; when the temperature is low or when the wind is strong, the mushroom house should be kept moist and moist. 4. Land mushroom: The fruiting body is planted in the material or under the cover soil, and the mushroom shape is not complete. The quality of this mushroom is poor and the fruit is thin. The reasons are as follows: one is that the cultivation materials are too wet; the other is that the materials are mixed with soil; thirdly, the mushroom houses are excessively ventilated, the temperature is low, and the covering soil is too late. As a result, it caused premature mushrooming and the enocarpus was too low. Control methods: The culture materials should not be too wet or mixed into the mud blocks; the mushroom houses should be properly ventilated; after the coarse soil water transfer, the ventilation should be reduced, and the relative humidity of the air should be maintained at about 85% to encourage the mycelia to grow on the coarse soil surface; When the soil is formed, it will cover the fine soil and create the conditions for the hyphae to continue to grow to the fine soil layer to prevent premature mushrooming. 5. Red root rust: Occurs in the late stage of fruiting. At this time, the temperature is low, evaporation water is less, hypha viability is poor, water absorption capacity is weak, and fruiting is slow. If too much water is sprayed or if the climate suddenly changes and the acidity inside the material is high, the disease will occur. Control methods: spray water should be appropriate, when the acidity of the material is high, lime water should be used to adjust the PH value.