Technical measures to increase the reproductive rate of dairy cows
To increase the reproductive rate of dairy cows, careful selection of the seeds should be carefully selected to prevent recessive abortion and ordinary abortion, timely treatment of infertility, and appropriate technical measures should be taken. In order to further promote the development of the dairy industry, the special summary is as follows: 1. To strengthen the selection and matching of breeding to increase the quality of dairy cows and increase the income of the farms. When raising dairy cows, attention must be paid to the selection and selection of the varieties. One should use fine tube frozen sperm. Because of the fine quality of the fine tube freeze-dried production, and the quality of the freeze-dried production is recorded in detail outside the thin tube, the quality of the bull can be judged from the appearance. Second, we must prevent inbreeding. Because the closer the blood relationship of the cows is, the more ill the offspring are, often manifested as diminished fecundity, increased number of stillbirths and teratomas, decreased viability, and reduced physical fitness. Therefore, when mating cows, semen distribution using different excellent bulls should be planned. Third, we must prevent dystocia. The principle of “large distribution, small distribution, and small to medium distribution†should be followed. Especially for the first-born cows and the smaller cows, the weight of the breeding bull should not be too large, so that the calf’s birth weight should not be More than 40 kilograms to avoid childbirth. Second, to prevent dairy cows recessive abortion cows 1 to 2 months after mating (via direct inspection has confirmed pregnancy) and began to heat, rectal examination found that the disappearance of the original signs of pregnancy, that is, recessive abortion. To effectively control the recessive abortion of dairy cows, it is necessary to: First, do not feed single feeds or frozen, moldy feeds, and choose high-quality feeds rich in vitamins A, E, B2, B12, and trace elements to ensure the normal development of embryos. Second, we must avoid crude direct inspection of cows during pregnancy to prevent injury to the embryos; to pregnant pregnant cows should be careful medication, in particular, we must be careful with anthelmintic drugs and diarrhea drugs. Third, it is necessary to create a good living environment for pregnant cows, to avoid being surprised by panic attacks and any drive. Fourth, we must often brush the body of cattle, in particular, to maintain the health of pregnant female genitals, to prevent bacteria, viruses, to avoid the occurrence of vaginitis, endometritis. Fifth, the two months after the cows are bred, they must be checked in time. Once the hidden abortions are found, they must be supplemented in due course. Sixth, prevention of miscarriage diseases, such as pasterellosis, salmonellosis, and tuberculosis, should be done well. Seventh, cows should be injected with a fetus during pregnancy, such as progesterone, 50-100 mg each time, once every other day, and 3-4 injections. Third, the control of ordinary abortion dairy cows In terms of nutrition, the total amount of fodder to adequate, and rich in vitamins A, E, B2, B12, etc., forbidden to feed metamorphic or frozen feed. Second, in terms of medical care, pregnant cows should not use large doses of laxatives, insect repellents, and diuretics, and should not give large amounts of aphrodisiac drugs and vaccines. Third, to prevent gravid cattle injuries, in particular, abdominal trauma should be avoided, and brutal rectal examinations and vaginal examinations are prohibited. Fourth, to avoid abnormal reproductive organs, as soon as possible to cure limitations of chronic endometritis and congenital endometritis, timely detection and elimination of congenital uterine hypoplasia and uterine adhesion disease cattle. The five countries supplemented the regulation of pregnancy-related reproductive hormones in time, such as promptly correcting the imbalance of progesterone and estrogen secretion, so that the intrauterine environment can adapt to the needs of embryonic development. Sixthly, it is necessary to treat the diseases of herd animals in time, such as refractory rumen relaxation, true stomach obstruction, severe diarrhea and diseases that can cause elevated body temperature and high anaemia. Seventh, ensure that the embryo develops well and prevent early death (recessive abortion up to 38% in bovine miscarriage). Therefore, it is necessary to prevent damage to the sperm or egg and the weak vitality of the sperm or egg, and to ensure that the internal environment of the reproductive organ in early pregnancy is adequate for the normal development of the fertilized egg. Eight to prevent fetal membrane edema, to avoid miscarriage caused by placental dysplasia or deformity and occasional miscarriage caused by excessive fetal water. Fourth, timely treatment of infertility 1, ovarian static: that is, ovarian function is disturbed after the static state. Sizes such as broad beans, normal or hard texture, ovarian surface without follicles, no corpus luteum, uterine contractility, size reduction. On the treatment, the ovary, cervix, and uterus can be massaged every other day for 10 minutes, 4-5 times for one course of treatment, combined with 20 mg of diethylstilbestrol. Or use 100-200 units of intramuscular injection of follicle stimulating hormone. During estrus and follicle development, intramuscular injection of lutein is 100-200 units. All of the above are intramuscularly injected with 5-10 ml of saline. 2. Persistent corpus luteum, that is, after the sexual cycle, the corpus luteum on the ovary does not fade for more than 20-30 days. Progesterone secreted by the corpus luteum inhibits follicular development and prevents cows from estrus. 100-200 units of follicle-stimulating hormone were selected for treatment and dissolved in 5-10 ml of normal saline for intramuscular injection. Rectal examination was performed after 7-10 days. If the corpus luteum does not disappear, it can be performed once. After the corpus luteum disappears, it is injected again. Dose chorionic gonadotropin, to promote follicular maturation and ovulation; or to use subcutaneous injections of intramuscular or intramuscular injection 1000-2000 units. 3, follicle atrophy and alternate development. Follicular atrophy is the development of follicles to midway, and external estrus symptoms gradually disappear. Alternating follicle development, that is, the development of follicles on one side of the ovary ceases to develop, and on the contralateral or ipsilateral ovary there are a number of follicles ranging from the development of development, but not wait until the maturity has begun to shrink, from then on, alternating. Treatment can be intramuscular injection of follicle-stimulating hormone 100-200 units, once a day or every other day, to promote ovarian follicular development and ovulation, or intramuscular injection of chorionic gonadotropin 5000-20000 units. 4, ovarian atrophy, that is, ovarian volume, like soybeans and beans, there is no luteinus and follicles in the ovary, texture is hard, the uterus is also reduced, with little estrus. For treatment, 1000 IU of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (LRH-Ao) was used intramuscularly, diluted 5 to 10 ml with normal saline once every other day for 3 days, followed by intramuscular injection of 4 ml of triad hormone. 5. Delayed ovulation, ie, follicular development and external characterization. Hou and normal estrus are the same, but mature follicles do not ovulate for a long time. Estrus can be extended for 3-5 days or longer. The treatment can be intramuscular injection of luteinizing hormone 100-200 units in the middle of cow oestrus, diluted with sterile saline, or intramuscular injection of progesterone 50-100 mg. 6, ovarian cysts, divided into follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts. Follicle cysts secrete follicle-stimulating hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary, and luteinizing hormone deficiency, excessive follicle increase, can not be normal ovulation. The cow has a short estrus cycle, prolonged estrus, and strong libido. Treatment uses chorionic gonadotropin intravenous injection of 1000 units or intramuscular injection of 2000 units, while intramuscular injection of progesterone 10 mg / time, once every 14 days, when the symptoms reduce or have effect, continue to use medication until it is cured. The corpus luteum cyst, that is, the formation of luteinization of the anovulatory follicular wall epithelium, causes plasma progesterone concentrations in blood up to 3,800 ng or more, resulting in cows not estrus. On the treatment, intramuscular injection of 15 mg prostaglandin 4 mg was used, or 20 ml sterile water for injection was used to directly instill the affected uterine horn. Fifth, implement technical measures to improve the conception rate. First, 5-7 minutes after insemination of the cows, timely infusion of 100 units of oxytocin, the conception rate can be increased by 28%. Second, on the day of cow insemination and on the 5-6th day, the cows were injected intramuscularly with 5 ml of vitamin A and D injections, and vitamin E was intramuscularly injected at a rate of 5-10 mg per kilogram of body weight. The cow conception rate could be increased. 15%-17%. The third is after the insemination of cows, intramuscular injection of gonadotropin 1000-2000 units, can increase the conception rate of 12% -19%. Fourth, immediately after the insemination of the cow, 25 ml of a 0.2% sodium selenite injection is injected once, and the vitamin E is 250 mg. The cow fertility rate can be increased by 28% or more. Fifthly, the eager cows with poor ovarian function were given 2 ml injections of 0.5% neostigmine injection every 18 hours for a total of 3 injections. At the third injection, they were injected at the same time. Horse serum gonadotropin 100 units, can restore ovarian function in most cows and ovulation, easy pregnancy after mating. Sixth, for the cows of childbearing age with ovarian cysts and ovarian dysfunction, 50 milliliters of progesterone per head of muscle is taken daily. After 6 days of continuous use, 1000-5000 units of chorionic gonadotropin are injected again, which can make 7%-8% of those who are not estrus. Cows are estrus and more than 42% of cows are pregnant after mating.
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