Pheasant breeding technology

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The U.S. colorful pheasant is an important bird of the family Anatidae. It is also known as pheasant, pheasant and ring-necked pheasant. It is one of the most important hunting birds in the world, with a total of more than 30 subspecies. The department has a white collar. The meat is delicious, nutritious, contains a variety of essential amino acids and calcium, sodium, sulfur and other trace elements, the protein content of 28.94%. The pheasant gallbladder, blood, gold can be made into pharmaceutical preparations, Highly nourishing, medicinal, and health care. Beauty value. Male pheasant feathers can be used to make hair crafts, but also can be made into sections and brocades. The chicken skin can be made into various kinds of exquisite leather goods. It is a rare bird animal used for food, medicinal, wool, and leather. There is a "special care" rare bird with extremely high comprehensive utilization value. First, the analysis of the benefits of farming pheasants: Breeding pheasant has a small investment, miscellaneous food, adapt to strong, quick and so on. Small investment: Any place that can be circled, such as old houses, old warehouses, courtyards, orchards and slopes, can be used as a venue for breeding pheasants. Dietary miscellaneous: pheasants eat rice bran, wheat bran, various vegetables, rice, sorghum, corn, fly maggots, etc., similar to chickens. Strong adaptability: The pheasant is resistant to high temperatures and cold, and can grow normally from minus 35 to minus 45 degrees without any climate, area or environment. Quick results: After hatching, the chicks can be listed for about 70 days. They can reach 3 kg in 100 days, and they need to feed about 12 yuan. According to the current market price of 12.5 yuan per catty, each can create a gross profit of 20 yuan. Chickens can lay eggs for more than 5 months and have an annual production of 150 eggs. If 100 eggs are used, the fertilization rate and floatation rate are 85%, and the survival rate is calculated as 90%, and 60 chickens can be produced. Second, the market prospects for breeding pheasants: Due to the prevalence of pheasants in the coastal areas of China, Hong Kong, and Macao, a large number of exports to Japan, Singapore and other countries each year. Coupled with the massive hunting of wild pheasants in recent years, wild pheasants are on the verge of extinction, and there is a shortage of supply of pheasants in the international and domestic markets. The supply situation is in short supply. It is predicted that the market will not be saturated within the next two or three years, even if the price drops to 8 yuan per jin. There is still profit available, and the prospects are immeasurable. Third, the pheasant breeding technology 1, the construction of livestock farms pheasant farms should be located in the dry terrain, flat, sunny leeward. In relatively quiet places, the broiler chicken house and the chicken house are required to be similar in size, and the size of the house can be determined according to the size of the house. The old room can be used in the house. The surplus area in front of houses in pigpen and cattle enclosures is reconstructed. Three sides are walls and one side is open. The open side should be left with a certain playground. Generally it should be about twice as large as the indoor area. The ground of the pheasant sports ground should have a certain slope to facilitate drainage, and the ground should be leveled. It is best to use a concrete floor to facilitate cleaning. Around the stadium, brick columns of 1.8 meters or so can be built, and a block can be added on top and around. Or use barbed wire, but also use nylon mesh instead. When installing the block, it can have a low wall base of 30-100 centimeters high around the south and then install the block. This will not only extend the service life of the block, but also use the right sports field. Neat and beautiful. The total area of ​​the playground and chicken house should be within 30 or less, and chickens should be laid inside each block. 150 or 300 young birds should be within 100 square meters. If the venue is large, it can be divided into several quarters. Since breeding chickens must be separated and reared before mating chickens, at least two chicken houses should be built. At the same time, a food trough and a drinking trough should be prepared in the house. The food trough can be ordered by wood chips, generally 1 meter long, 5 cm wide and 5 cm high. The slots can be ordered with large eye iron mesh or small pieces of wood to prevent chickens from entering the troughs. The troughs can be replaced with plastic basins or other containers. If conditional, special tower water heaters can be purchased. Because chickens like sand baths, they can set up sand fields on the stadium (both river sand and stone sand), and large plastic bowls can also be used to put sand on sports grounds. Care should be taken to keep the sand clean and dry. 2. Chicken breeding techniques Chicken broiler rearing phase division: 0-6 weeks old brooding stage 7-12 weeks old bred stage (1) timely drinking water and food: the young quail chicks open their shells 24 to 36 hours after hatching. Drink water before eating, drinking water is best to add 5% glucose or 0.1% potassium permanganate, do not know the water of the chicks in time to teach, so that drinking water as soon as possible, after feeding water 1 to 2 hours open food. The starting food should be soft, good palatability, nutritious and easy to digest, the best 3 to 5 days before feeding the wet mix. Remove leftovers before each addition. During the start of eating, the food was replenished every 2 to 3 hours. Gradually, the interval was gradually increased. Feeding was conducted 6 times per day for 0 to 2 weeks and 5 times per day for 3 to 4 weeks. In general, as the age increases, feed intake also increases. When grown to near adult weight, the demand for feed tends to be stable. (2) Temperature and humidity control: Suitable brooding temperatures are: 1 to 3 days old 35 to 34°C, 4 to 7 days old 33 to 32°C, 2 weeks old 31 to 28°C, 3 weeks old 27 to 24°C, 4 The age of the week is 23-22°C, and normal temperature is maintained after 5 weeks of age. Relative humidity ranges from 65% to 70% for 1 to 10 days and 55% to 65% after 11 days. (3) Density: As the age changes, the body weight and the need for water will change accordingly. The breeding density should be adjusted timely to increase the number of water and food troughs. The cage density for cage raising or box brooding is 50-60/m2 for 1 to 10 days, 30 to 40/m2 for 10 to 20 days, and it can be transferred to a three-dimensional cage afterwards. Lamellar cage), 21 to 42 days old 20 to 30/m2, 43 to 60 days old 10 to 20/m2. (4) Ventilation, ventilation and indoor environment control: The indoor air circulation is not good, and the ammonia concentration is too large, which will directly affect the growth and development of pheasants, and may induce the occurrence of chronic respiratory diseases, eye diseases and other diseases. Ventilation should be done frequently to keep the indoor air fresh. Dung should be removed in time to clean the ground and maintain a suitable temperature. Chickens should be regularly sterilized and evacuated in time. Doing a good job of the indoor environment is one of the important measures to increase the survival rate of the prostitutes. (5) Illumination time control: The chicks have less stringent lighting requirements. They should keep the light for 24 hours in 1 to 3 days and keep the light for 20 to 22 hours in 4 to 7 days. After that, the chicks can quickly switch to natural conditions according to their feed intake. illumination. When the three-dimensional cage is transferred into the three-dimensional cage around the three weeks, all light should be added on the first night so that the young worm can adapt to the new environment as soon as possible. It is advisable to use 3 watts per square meter more. After most of the food intake and drinking water, the quail group can Use natural lighting. 6) Immunization: Develop an immunization program in conjunction with the situation in the field. 3, into the chicken breeding technology young chicks can be raised in cages 6 to 7 weeks into the ground flat raising or into the breeding cage. The 18-week-old period is the fastest growing stage for pheasants. The average daily weight gain is 10 to 15 grams, and by 20 weeks of age, it has almost reached the weight of adults. Therefore, the period of 6-20 weeks of age raising and management is the key to ensure the growth and development of the breeding quail. In addition to the daily management work, the following points should also be noted: (1) Transfer time and attention issues: General end of March The chicks hatched in mid-April are raised to 6-8 weeks of age, and the hatchlings hatched in summer can be transferred to groups of 5-6 weeks old. In the 3 days before the transfer, special personnel should be assigned to night shift and given 24 hours of light. When shifting groups, attention should also be paid to the isolation and rearing of weak chicks, and diseased young chicks should be eliminated in time. 1 to 2 weeks after entering the ground, choose warm and windless weather, open the doors and windows, let it go to the indoor and outdoor sports fields to do short-term activities, later gradually extended, rushed into the room at night. (2) Reserve seedlings Restricted feeding: To determine the breeding pods reserved for seed use, in addition to the initial selection of 6 to 8 weeks of age, it is also necessary to control the body weight to prevent over-fertilization so as to ensure a higher egg production rate during the breeding period. And fertilization rate. The specific measures are: to reduce the protein and energy content of the diet; increase the amount of crude fiber and green feed; reduce the number of feeding; increase the amount of exercise; (3) The second round of cutting off, the occurrence of flood control: pheasant wild strong, like licking foreign body. Breeding crickets grow rapidly. If certain nutrients are lacking during this period, or if the environment is not ideal or the density is too high, fleas are more likely to occur. In order to effectively prevent lice, the second gnawing can be performed between 5 and 10 weeks of age. The method is the same as that for the chicken. (4) The use of moldy and degenerative feeds should be prohibited to prevent the occurrence of aspergillosis: pheasants are susceptible to Aspergillus in the early period of brooding, and the incidence and mortality of this disease are relatively high. Therefore, the use of moldy feed and mildewed litter should be prohibited during feeding and management. , Control the environment inside the house, maintain the required humidity, often sterilize chicken with peracetic acid, etc., and use a flamethrower to burn the ground and burn the equipment before the group is transferred to prevent the disease from occurring. Fourth, pheasant breeding techniques (1) the establishment of species of fleas. The establishment of each group is generally more than two times the selection: the first selection is carried out from October to November of each year, and it is selected according to the variety standards, growth and development, and health conditions to form a back-up group; the second choice is The following year is carried out from January to February. The selection criteria: the male plumage is plump and bright, the plumes are upright, the chest is deep, the body is large, the body is thick, and the male is strong; the female body is in an oval shape, the feathers are close to the luster, and the luster is shiny. No tail, no defects in the legs and eyes. The third choice can be made at the end of February and early March of the conditional condition. Individuals who do not meet the characteristics of the breed or have weak males, poor mental status, and mother-in-law who does not have a red face or tail mopping at the beginning of March are excluded. At this point, after 2 or 3 selections are eliminated, the species can be determined. (2) Breeding Techniques for Pheasant Chickens 1 Mixing months and years of use: Under good artificial domestication conditions, male larvae usually reach sexual maturity at 9 to 10 months of age, and females are later sexually mature at 10 to 11 months of age. If you have arrived at the breeding season, you can consider timely deployment. In northern China, usually around mid-March, the southern region is usually allocated in early February. Farming species are generally changed every year, but the rate of death in the second year of the same species is significantly lower than the first period. The fertility rate of egg production did not change much. 2 雉 group size and male-female ratio: pheasant breeding season groups should not be too large, generally 100 to 150 only for a group, but also between groups and groups to block the barrier of sight, so as not to affect the mating. Under the general nutrition and management level, the proportion of males and females can be determined at 1:4. At this time, the fertility rate can reach more than 85%. If the feed nutrition and management level is high, the number of male and female parents can be appropriately increased. The ratio becomes 1:5 to 1:6. 3 timely release of mating: the determination of the mating time must take into account factors such as temperature, breeding season and nutritional level. The growth and development of the calf can be improved slightly, and the species with poor development can be pushed back. It is also possible to determine the appropriate breeding time by trial and matching method. The method is to first try to put 1 to 2 males into their mothers and observe whether the females are willing to “lead”. Practice has proved that the deployment time should be in the mother's singing, red face or do nest to master the deployment time. Premature mating not only affects the survival rate of the juveniles, but also promotes the premature decline of public funds, which affects the fertilization rate of the rear hatching eggs. If it is too late, it will cause a waste of eggs. 4 Protection of "Princes" and the establishment of barriers: After the public has entered the mother-in-law group, after several days of fighting, the "Prince" will be created and the "Prince" will enjoy the right of first mating in the mother-in-law group. After the orderly arrangement of the male and female public groups, they must not enter the new public register at random so as to maintain the status of the "Prince" and reduce the physical exertion and stabilize the monks. However, the “Prince” has the characteristic of not allowing other public servants to copulate. Therefore, a barrier should be set up in the net or on the sports ground, and 3 to 4 plastic tiles, or tree branches, or rockery stones can be placed every 100 square meters. Egg production rate and fertilization rate. Fifth, Breeding Techniques Breeding of broiler chickens is seasonal. The northern region is the breeding season from March to July each year, and the southern region may be 1 to 1.5 months earlier. The adult species are generally divided into two stages: breeding season and maternity period, and adopt different management. During the breeding period, the main points of feeding and management are as follows: 1 The pheasants entering the breeding season require nutrient richness, and in particular require sufficient supply of animal protein feed. After the start of egg production, as the egg production increases, the protein content is gradually increased, and the crude protein content in the feed during the peak period of egg production can reach 18% to 20%. When the protein content increases, attention should also be paid to the appropriate increase in multivitamins. And trace element content. 2 Because of the short domestication time and strong ferality of the pheasant, the male and female pheasants have the bad habit of quail eggs. The female quail has the characteristics of unfixed egg production sites. The rate of broken eggs is high, so the egg collection must be diligent. Eggs or leftover eggshells should be cleared in a timely manner to prevent the spread of quail eggs. 3 Maintain good and stable environmental conditions, and achieve “three sets” that is, fixed-time, scheduled, and defined management procedures. Move in and out of the broiler house to be light, check and repair the net room as often as possible to prevent wildlife from frightening or harassing pheasants; in hot summer weather, hang vines or plant shades of loofah, beans, etc. next to the net room. Avoid direct sunlight and ensure normal sexual activities and mating times. The egg production time of 4 species of cockroaches was mostly concentrated between 10:00 am and 3:00 pm, accounting for approximately 86.7% of the total number of eggs produced during the day, and the duration of each egg produced during normal production was 0.5 to 5 minutes. Keepers should pay attention to the flock dynamics and find that dystocia should be timely assisted. Method is: first drop the cloaca into the lubricant, glycerol, etc., and then fix the left side of the egg, press the abdomen with the right hand and push forward to help remove the egg, the action should be light, this work requires two people to complete. Because the first birth of the mother cloaca blood, the other will see the red after the anal fistula, it is necessary to observe the hernia group at any time, take timely measures, to the bleeding place painted purple syrup or black ink, or isolated feeding. 5 Eggs on the day should be delivered to the egg bank on time for storage. Sixth, the experience and skill of breeding pheasants 1. Notes on breeding pheasants Pheasant has a strong wild, more afraid of people, not suitable for selection of pheasant projects in residential areas and roadside. Buy seeds, seedlings, eggs to pay attention to quality. Pay attention to the density of the breeding, no more than 5 per square meter, and at the same time prevent the eel. Pay attention to control the hen's sensation and reduce production difficulties. Pay attention to epidemic prevention. 2, how to choose the pheasant eggs first, it is the quality of eggs to be fresh. In general, the eggs used for breeding are best fed within 10 days because the hatching rate of the eggs produced during this period is higher, and the hatched chicks are also often healthy and strong. The survival rate is extremely high. high. Second, the size of the eggs must be appropriate. Eggs that are too big, too small or too round or too long are not suitable for hatching cones. Third, the external structure of the eggs must be normal. Eggs with abnormal surface structure, such as thin-shelled eggs, thick-shelled eggs or "salp eggs", are not suitable for hatching. Fourth, the egg shell surface of the egg is to be cleaned and to ensure that it is not cracked. Eggs with dirty shells or cracked eggs are often subject to microbiological contamination and are most likely to spoil, leading directly to hatching failures. Fifth, all the eggs that are used for brooding must be required to come from normal healthy chickens that are kept and managed to avoid illness. 3, how to prevent pheasant crickets (1) broken 喙 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 实际 。 。 。 。 。 。 。. The larvae were decapitated once 15 to 20 days old, and the second one was cut off at 70 days, and repairs were performed once before starting production. The public official cut off the tip. (2) Controlling density: The breeding density of pheasants should not exceed 5/m2 and each group should not exceed 80. (3) Sand bath: The kind of net is laid on a 5 cm thick sand in the interior of the net, and a sand bath is set in the playground. (4) Set egg boxes: Set the corresponding nest boxes and screens that block the line of sight during the breeding period. (5) Wear eye mask: The transparent red eye mask should be used, and the nose needle made of nylon or iron wire should be used so that the eye mask can be placed on the jaw and the needle can be fixed through the nasal cavity to fix the eye mask. (6) Diligent eggs: At least twice a day, quail eggs, eggs produced on the playground should be charged in time to reduce the exposure of pheasants to eggs, and prevent quail eggs. (7) Placing fake eggs: Bionic plastic chicken eggs are placed in the breeding house. If the housing is not broken, it will gradually change. (8) Device nose ring: The nose ring is fitted on the upper jaw of the pheasant and fixed on the nostril with a nose ring needle, but do not clamp into the tissue. To choose a nose ring that is suitable for the age of the pheasant. It is generally wearable at 4 weeks of age, and it is worn until it is sold for 16 weeks of age. For those who are left for breeding purposes, the nose ring is removed with a truncator at the age of 16 weeks and an adult nasal ring is worn. This ring does not affect normal activities such as eating and drinking. (9) Regular deworming: Parasites on the body surface and in the body should be periodically repelled with drugs to prevent feathering. 7. How to prevent and control pheasant disease 1. Disinfection equipment should be set up in the hatchery, brooding room, and breeder farms. Staff must be disinfected when they are on duty. 2, the incidence of pheasant - Newcastle disease, should pay special attention to strict prevention. At the 10th day of age, Xincheng IV vaccine seedlings were used for eyelid or intranasally inoculation. Immunity was enhanced with a second line seedling at 1 month of age, and at the age of 3 months, a lineage I was seeded. The pheasant was injected 1 month before the egg production. One Newcastle disease I line seedlings. 3, always pay attention to the monitoring of the epidemic disease, using "all diseases eliminate", "enrofloxacin", "chloramphenicol powder", "Reuters" to use in order to prevent Salmonella, Pasteurella or Escherichia coli . 4, usually on the network appliances, equipment, with "100 poisoning" or "peracetic acid" regular disinfection. VIII. Disease Prevention and Control of Pheasants 1. Aspergillus disease: Pheasants, especially young pheasants, are most susceptible to infection and have a high incidence rate from 1 to 15 days of age. They can cause a large number of deaths, and the mortality rate of chickens generally accounts for 10-30%. 30-70-day-old chickens also often suffer from morbidity, but fewer deaths occur, and adult chickens are less susceptible to infections. Because the pheasants lay their eggs during April-July, it is the summer rainy season when the feed barnyardgrass is contaminated with Aspergillus or due to density. Excessive crowding, poor ventilation, sheds and dampness, aspergillosis caused by pathogens, prevention and treatment methods: ban on feeding moldy feed, banned moldy grass, pay attention to ventilation, in the summer rainy days, it is best to use flame spray disinfection. Treatment: 500,000 units of 100 chickens made with morphine or clotrimazole, mixed with feed and fed 5 times, can also use 0.1% copper sulfate solution to drink water. 2, grapevine disease, but also pheasant wind disease: mainly due to excessive density, poor ventilation caused by grapevine infection, the main attack chicks and bred chicken, clinical manifestations are mainly eye types: initial symptoms, tearing, conjunctival redness , There are mucus secretions, eye face swelling, swollen head later, lack of energy, appetite decreased significantly, after the conditions improved, the diseased chickens returned to normal soon, generally do not cause death, but sometimes due to systemic infection Death, chicken suffering from Aspergillitis ophthalmia, can also cause sporadic grapevine disease; breeder henhouse due to barbed wire, pheasant and good at flying, hit the head, but also due to infection caused by grapevine infection. Prevention methods: The density of chickens should be appropriate, pay attention to the ventilation and ventilation in the house, often check the hooks of the net house, take care of the iron wire foreign body in the house, do a good job of environmental sanitation and disinfection, and timely stop scrofula, can prevent the infection, once Infection can be treated with chloramphenicol, kanamycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and other drugs. If necessary, drug susceptibility testing should be performed first and medication should be based on the results of drug susceptibility testing. 3. Diagnosis and Prevention of Infectious Bronchitis (1) Sudden onset of clinical symptoms, lack of energy, loss of appetite or no food, neck and neck narrowing, feather standing upside down, no love for activity, diarrhea, faeces, and coughing Sneezing, nasal clearing fluid, neck extension, head shake, mouth breathing, and abnormal breath sounds, especially at night, the breathing sound is more pronounced. It's like pulling the bellows, and the systemic symptoms intensify as the disease progresses. Weakness, loss of appetite, sagging wings, drowsiness, fear of cold fight, diseased chickens gradually thin, weight loss. (2) Control measures 1 Strengthen health and epidemic prevention and emergency vaccination. The affected chickens were all housed and segregated, and the dead chicks were deeply buried, and the young chicks were replaced. The chicken house was thoroughly rinsed with clean water and sprayed with 3% hot formaldehyde solution, once a day for 3 days. Drinking utensils and other utensils were washed with water and then sterilized with 0.1% benzalkonium chloride. The whole chicken group was immunized with drinking water of chicken branch H52. Before the drinking water immunization, the water supply was stopped for 4 hours, and 0.5% skimmed milk powder was added to the vaccine water. At the same time, it was disinfected with disinfected Weidai chickens, 2 times per day for 5 days in order to purify the air and kill pathogenic microorganisms. 2 strengthen feeding and management. Pay attention to adjust the temperature of the chicken house and make it as ventilated and breathable as possible under the premise of ensuring the indoor temperature and humidity, reduce the rearing density, avoid crowding, and reasonably deploy the diet so that the palatability is good, nutrition is comprehensive, and digestion is easy. In the diet, the poultry multidimensional and mineral content should be appropriately increased to improve the body resistance. 3 treatment methods. There is no effective treatment for this disease. After the onset of illness, some broad-spectrum antibiotics and antiviral drugs can be used to prevent secondary infection. (1) Oral aminophylline tablets were orally administered to the diseased chickens with obvious clinical symptoms, 0.5-1.0 g/dose, once/day, intramuscular injection of penicillin 3000 international units/dose, streptomycin 4,000 international units/dose, 2 times/day , Use for 3-5 days, the effect is good; (2) The whole group use Banlangen, honeysuckle, Houttuynia, gentian, licorice, forsythia, dandelion, Platycodon grandiflora each 25 grams (for 1000 chickens 1 day usage), The broth was fed with broth and fed for 5 days. (3) 0.15% Viralin and Fowlpore powder (0.7g/kg body weight/day) were fed in the feed and fed for 3 days. (3) Precautions So far, infectious bronchitis has no specific therapeutic drugs. Therefore, strengthening feeding and management and doing a good job in health prevention are the most effective measures to control the epidemic. According to the data, at the age of 7 to 10 days, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis with double vaccine nasal drops, or infectious bronchitis virus vaccine H120 and Newcastle disease II seedlings were mixed and drinking water was reused at 35 days and the infectious bronchitis virus was reused. Miao H52 strengthen the immune, the disease has a good preventive effect.

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