Can senile dementia be transmitted? Surgical or deliverable amyloid December 26, 2018 Source: China Science News Author: Audrey Tang Neuroscientists have gathered more evidence to support the hypothesis that cohesive proteins, a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases, can be transmitted from person to person under specific conditions and cause new damage to the recipient's brain. "We found that beta amyloid pathology can be interpersonally transmitted in an iatrogenic manner," said John Collinge, a neurologist at the University College London, who led the study, at a recent press conference. "Although this risk potential Very small, but we urgently need to study this." Collinge said that their study did not indicate that diseases such as Alzheimer's disease are contagious, but it does raise concerns that certain medical procedures and surgery may transfer this protein between humans. Protein may cause brain disease decades later. “This is an important study and the results are very exciting,†said Mathias Jucker of the Clinical Brain Research Institute in Tubingenhitz, Germany. In 2006, Jucker demonstrated that amyloid extracted from the human brain can cause cerebral amyloid angiopathy and plaque in the brain of mice. Contaminated growth hormone The story begins in 2015. “We conducted a long-term study in the UK and conducted a prospective study of patients with various diseases. This included patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease who were treated with various growth-deficient syndromes in childhood. They received cadaveric human growth. Hormone (c-hGH) treatment," Collinge said. Eight subjects had been treated with prion-contaminated c-hGH and subsequently died of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Collinge et al. found a large deposit of a protein called amyloid in the autopsy of four of them. These deceased were treated for their short stature in childhood, using growth hormone preparations from the pituitary gland of thousands of donors after death. These people died of a rare but fatal neurodegenerative disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, in middle age. The disease is caused by a component of a growth hormone preparation that has a contagious, misfolded protein (or prion). But pathologists did not expect amyloid to form at such an early stage. This surprised the researchers. "This is unexpected and completely exceeds the expectations of people of this age. These people are relatively young, thirty or forty years old, and this pathological phenomenon does not occur in their brains. We did not find it to cause it. Genetic risk factors in this condition," Collinge said. As a result, Collinge and colleagues speculated that possible growth hormone samples also transferred a small amount of amyloid, causing or "sowing" amyloid plaques. The 2015 related paper was published in Nature. Track the "murderer" Amyloid plaques in the blood vessels of the brain are a hallmark of cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease, which cause local bleeding. However, in Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques are often accompanied by another protein called tau – researchers worry that the protein may spread in the same way. But this is not the case in the brains of four deceased people infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. They showed pathological features similar to cerebral amyloid angiopathy, but none of them fully met the neuropathological criteria for Alzheimer's disease. Collinge said that although there have been records of inter-patient spread (medical transmission) caused by certain medical means in the past, it has not been determined. Then why do they have this pathological feature? New research published online in Nature recently showed that these people may have beta amyloid pathology due to c-hGH therapy. "And this paper is actually a follow-up to our paper three years ago." Collinge told the Chinese Journal of Science, because the incubation period of the disease is very long, it may last for decades, and even people still see new patients today. The researchers obtained a partial c-hGH sample that the patient had been exposed to. They used biochemical methods to analyze the presence of amyloid beta and tau, and found that several samples were positive. The team said that the experimental evidence more directly verifies that these proteins can be transmitted between humans through contaminated biological agents. In 1985, the United Kingdom stopped extracting growth hormone from corpses for treatment and replaced it with synthetic growth hormone. But the Collinge team found powders of growth hormone preparations that have been stored for decades in the labs of the National Center for Public Health Research in the south of England. When the researchers analyzed the samples, their suspicions were confirmed: some of them contained large amounts of amyloid and tau. Mouse to help To test whether amyloid in these batches caused amyloidosis, they injected the samples directly into the brain of young rats genetically engineered to be susceptible to amyloidosis. With the help of Japanese collaborators, the Collinge team created mice that expressed the mutant humanized amyloid precursor protein gene, which showed initial signs of beta amyloid deposition around 6 months. c-hGH samples were injected into these mice. Female mice 6 to 8 weeks old received an intracerebral injection of the original c-hGH sample directly. After 240 days of injection, mice receiving the original c-hGH sample produced amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Control mice that did not receive any treatment or were treated with synthetic growth hormone did not have amyloid accumulation. Scientists are testing mice for the same problem with tau. According to Jucker, the fact that the conductivity of amyloid can be retained after so many years emphasizes the need for caution. Imagine that viscous amyloid adheres to surgical instruments and resists standard decontamination methods. But Jucker also noted that because of the long time required for the development of degenerative diseases, children's surgery should also be noted. Instruments are also used in the elderly during child surgery. So far, epidemiologists have been unable to assess whether the history of surgery will increase the risk of neurodegenerative diseases in the future – because medical databases often do not include such data. Roy Anderson, an epidemiologist at Imperial College London, points out that researchers are seriously considering this possibility. In fact, the 2015 discovery prompted pathologists around the world to re-examine their own cases, including those who received treatments similar to growth hormone preparations, and those who were infected with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease after brain surgery. A contaminated donor brain membrane was used as a repair patch. Many archived brain specimens are filled with abnormal amyloid plaques. After the publication of the 2015 paper, Collinge applied for a grant to develop the decontamination technology for surgical instruments, but did not succeed. “We have raised an important public health issue. What is frustrating is that this problem has not been resolved,†he said. The folding foot bath machine is a device that can be used to soak and massage feet. It's designed to be portable and easy to store, making it ideal for those who want to enjoy a foot soak and massage at home or on the go.
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Can senile dementia be transmitted? Surgical or deliverable amyloid