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Cut flower eustoma breeding method
There are generally three methods for cultivating seedlings for cut flowers: live seedlings, transplant seedlings, and nest propagation. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages.
Live seedlings are known for their strong growth and high quality, but they require a large number of seeds and more labor during the early stages for weeding and thinning. This method is ideal for common varieties, but not suitable for rare or F1 generation seeds due to the high seed requirement.
Transplant seedlings use only about 20% of the seeds needed for live seedlings, making them a cost-effective choice, especially for rare or expensive seeds. They also allow for larger seedlings to be produced. However, this method requires more time for soil disinfection after transplanting and involves significant labor in moving the seedlings.
Nest propagation is a modern technique that avoids continuous cropping issues by using disease-free soil and isolating seedlings from the main bed. It eliminates the need for transplanting, saving time and resources. Seedlings grown in nests avoid root damage during planting, which promotes better growth. This method is particularly effective for species prone to root rot.
When growing live seedlings, it's important to select a well-drained area with easy access to water and no underground pests. The ideal soil pH is between 5 and 5.5. Seeds should be stored at 0°C for over a month before sowing, or treated with gibberellin to break dormancy. Fresh seeds are recommended, and proper storage ensures a high germination rate for up to two years.
To prevent diseases from continuous cropping, nursery beds should be disinfected regularly. A bed width of 90–100 cm and height of 15 cm is ideal. Fine mist irrigation helps promote germination. Organic compost and specialized seedbed fertilizer should be used instead of chemical fertilizers. Acidic soil is preferred, and alkaline materials like lime should be avoided.
Sowing should be done at intervals of 5–6 cm, with a seeding rate of 0.5–0.7 ml per square meter. Sowing is best done in late March to early April. After sowing, the soil must remain moist, and cover soil such as peat moss or sawdust should be applied lightly. Temperature control is crucial—daytime temperatures should not exceed 25°C, and nighttime warmth is necessary.
Thinning should occur once 2–3 pairs of true leaves appear, leaving 2–3 plants per spot. Further thinning is done when 4–5 pairs of leaves are present. Fertilization every 10 days with diluted liquid fertilizer supports healthy growth. Leaf blight can occur, so watering should be reduced if symptoms appear.
For transplant seedlings, sowing should begin one month earlier than for live seedlings, typically mid-February to mid-March. Seeds are sown in small containers filled with sterilized acidic soil. Watering should keep the soil moist without causing waterlogging. Temperature management is essential, with minimums around 10°C in February and daytime limits of 25°C.
Soil disinfection and fertilization should be completed by mid-April. Transplanting occurs when 2–3 pairs of true leaves appear, ideally when average temperatures are above 10°C. Careful handling of roots and proper spacing (5–6 cm) help ensure survival. Shade and adequate watering after transplanting are critical.
Nest propagation is efficient for large-scale production. Sowing is done early, from March to April, and the process takes about 80–90 days. Specialized equipment improves accuracy, though manual methods using chopsticks can also work. Peat moss or commercial seedling mix is used, and trays should have space at the bottom to allow root growth.
After sowing, moisture must be maintained, and watering should be done carefully to avoid overwatering. Germination thrives at 15–20°C, and shading may be needed if temperatures rise. Thinning and transplanting within the tray help maintain uniform growth. Fertilization is applied every 10 days after 40 days of sowing.
Each method has its place depending on the crop, available resources, and desired outcomes. Choosing the right approach ensures healthy, vigorous seedlings ready for transplanting or direct planting.
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