Selection and specific requirements of litter for dry-sweeping fermentation beds Whether or not the selection and laying of the litter in the dry-sweeping fermentation bed culture is correct is the basis and key to determine the success or failure of this technology. From a technical point of view, the litter material should meet high carbon-nitrogen ratio, high content of carbohydrates (especially wood fiber), loose porous and breathable, good adsorption performance, strong inertness, proper fineness, no toxicity, no obvious impurities, etc. Aspects of the request. From a practical point of view, litter materials must be sourced from a wide range of sources, facilitate collection and purchase, be as cheap as possible, and be easy to grasp. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of raw materials for fermentation mattresses is the most important influencing factor in the fermentation system. Carbon-nitrogen ratio refers to the ratio of carbon and nitrogen in the litter. In theory, raw materials with carbon-nitrogen ratios greater than 25 can be used as litter materials. The higher the carbon to nitrogen ratio, the longer the service life. The average carbon-nitrogen ratio of several raw materials is 492:1 for sawdust, 53:1 for corn, 1 for corn, 97:1 for corn, 88:1 for corn cob, and 59:1 for straw. Sawdust Sawdust is the best fermentation mattress material. In all litter materials, sawdust has the highest ratio of carbon to nitrogen, the strongest inertness, and the most resistance to fermentation. At the same time loose porous sawdust, the best water retention, permeability is also relatively good. Technically speaking, it is best to use full-scale sawdust or sawdust-based mixing with a small amount of rice husk as a fermentation bed. The fineness of the sawdust is just right for a fermentation bed requirement. Sawdust is produced in the wood processing industry all over the country. However, in some places sawdust resources are relatively scarce and prices are relatively expensive. Due to the difference in wood and processing methods, the type, humidity, and quality of sawdust differ greatly, and should be grasped during procurement and use. Use sawdust to pay attention to the following points: Do not use sawdust of poisonous trees, such as beech wood, otherwise it may cause poisoning. In principle, sawdust formed from artificial boards containing glue or preservatives is not used because the additive contained in this sawdust may be toxic to the chicken and may have an inhibitory effect on the fermentation process. If it must be used, mix it with other sawdust and lay it on the bottom, or mix it with a small amount of sawdust. The dry humidity of the sawdust should meet the requirements of the operation of the fermentation bed. The sawdust used in the dry-sparing fermentation bed must be dry. Wood shavings produced by wood processing can also be used in place of half sawdust, and the bottom layer can be used in its entirety. Broken pieces of wood and branches, wood sections can be used in the underlying litter. rice husk Rice husk is also a good material for litter and has better ventilation performance than sawdust, but its adsorption performance is slightly inferior to that of sawdust. The ratio of carbohydrates is lower than that of sawdust, ash is higher than sawdust, and the use effect and life are second to sawdust. It can be used alone or mixed with sawdust. Rice hulls should not be crushed, otherwise fine is not conducive to air permeability. The advantage of rice hulls over sawdust is that the variety is pure and the quality is stable. In purchasing rice hulls, there is generally no need to worry about excessive humidity and mildew. The effect of incorporating a small portion of rice husk in sawdust is similar to that of a single sawdust. The advantage of this litter formulation is that it improves the air permeability of pure sawdust and reduces the easy adhesion of pure sawdust after wetting. Peanut shells Peanut shells can be spread to the bottom of the fermentation bed without smashing, and the thickness should not exceed 15 cm. It can also be crushed to the same fineness as the rice husk (or slightly thicker to 0.5-1.0 cm) and mixed with sawdust or rice husk. Peanut shells are also available. In the bottom 10-15 centimeters of the fermentation bed, there is no crushed peanut shell, and the middle and upper peanut shells have a thickness of less than 1 cm. Corn stalk The corn stalks can be spread back to the bottom with a thickness of about 10 cm. It can also be used with sawdust or rice hulls in as little as 3 centimeters or less in quarters or less. Try corn stalks as a dry-sweeping fermentation bed. The method is to lay the whole plant neatly in the lower layer. The middle and upper layers use chopped corn stalks that are as short as 3 cm, and the thickness after compaction is still in accordance with the 40-cm standard. Routine maintenance methods are the same as the maintenance of other dunnage. The advantage of this litter mode is that the litter source is abundant and the cost is low, but the service life is short and easy to use. Wheat straw and straw Wheat straw and straw can be spread directly to the lowermost layer, not exceeding 20 cm in thickness. It can also be as short as about 2 centimeters, mixed with sawdust or rice hulls, and the ratio should not exceed one-third. Due to the high crushing costs of corn stalks, wheat straw, and straw, and the poor air permeability after comminution, the breathability after water absorption is worse, and it is easily rot, so it should not be crushed. Wheat bran The wheat bran is the clam shell that wraps the wheat grain, and is mostly leftover waste from wheat straw. Usage is the same as wheat straw and should not be crushed. Corn cob The corn cob can be crushed to the size of soybeans and used alone, or mixed with sawdust and rice hulls. The ratio is not limited, and it can be directly laid on the bottom layer after crushing. Corn cob itself has a certain nutritional value for chickens. Corn peel Corn bran is coated outside the corn cob. It can be used in the lower layer of the fermentation bed without smashing. Cotton poles and pepper poles Cotton stems and pepper stems can be crushed to a fineness of 0.5-1.0 cm to be mixed with sawdust or rice hulls, or they can be pounded into short sections of about 10 cm in length and laid directly on the bottom 10-15 cm of the fermentation bed. The middle and upper layers use sawdust or rice husks. Cotton sticks and pepper sticks are best not used alone. Respiratory Products Oxygen Mask,Oxygen Filter Mask,Oxygen Breathing Mask ,Disposable Pvc Oxygen Mask K-MED Co., Ltd. , https://www.kmedasia.com
Selection and specific requirements of litter for dry-sweeping fermentation beds