Who has moved the cancer cells? "Anti-bone" English twins untied "blood doubts"

Release date: 2008-03-11

Who has moved the cancer cells? "Anti-bone" English twins untied "blood doubts"


In the 1980s, the Japanese TV series "Blood Suspect" was popular in China. The beautiful girl Yukiko (Yamaguchi Baihui), who suffered from leukemia, finally left her husband's arms and left many people in tears. More than 20 years have passed, and leukemia, which was regarded as an "incurable disease", has hope for cure. According to the British "Independent" reported on January 18, many scientists recently published a paper in the US "Science" magazine (Chinese scientist Hong Dengli as the first author), announced the successful separation of "pre-leukemia stem cells from a pair of British twin sisters" ". This major discovery will revolutionize the treatment of leukemia and other cancers.
Discovering cancer cells "grandmother" If it is not a hateful disease, the twin sisters Olivia Murphy and Isabella Murphy in Bromley, Kent, UK, will have the same happy childhood. But Olivia suddenly became ill at the age of two, and the blood tests her doctor had made showed that she was suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and Isabella had been healthy. Leukemia is the most common childhood cancer in the UK, accounting for one-third of all childhood cancer cases, with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Because the sisters are identical twins, the innate genes and the acquired ones are almost identical. It should have been “blessed and shared, and it is difficult to be the same”, but the fate is completely different. There seems to be an invisible hand in the middle of the manipulation. fate. What factors are in the end? Genetic testing of the sisters showed that they had a genetic mutation at birth, and Olivia later experienced a second genetic mutation that made the leukemia intact, and Isabella’s genes never experienced it again. mutation. What genetic loci have changed? Where do leukemia cells come from? These questions are waiting for the scientists to answer.
Scientists analyzed the blood of the sisters they extracted, and the results were striking. For the first time, they discovered a group of abnormal early “pre-leukemia stem cells”, which existed in both sisters, and studies have shown that leukemia stem cells are derived from “pre-leukemia stem cells”. The scientists analyzed the extracted cells and finally figured out the entire mutation process. They found that both girls had pre-leukemia cells in their blood, a small number of which were stem cells, and one of the least differentiated cells was named "pre-leukemia stem cells", which were fused by two genes. to make. This mutation takes place in one of the cells of one of the girls. At the time they were still in the mother's body and could not determine who the mutation happened to. But because the sisters share a placenta, the mutant cells can be spread into the blood of both people. Because Isabella is not ill, the researchers judge that genetic translocations clearly do not cause leukemia on their own. According to the British "Times" report, one in every 100 children will have a genetic translocation, but about 1% of genetically translocated children will develop cancer. Many people know that stem cells are the "mother of life". They can differentiate into cells with specific functions, and all the tissue cells of the human body come from it. Scientists have always believed that leukemia stem cells are the mother of leukemia. However, this discovery subverts the traditional view that "pre-leukemia stem cells" is the true source of blood cancer cells, and it can be called the "grandmother" of leukemia. The drugs currently used to treat leukemia can only kill most blood cancer cells, but can not eliminate leukemia stem cells, and can not kill pre-leukemia stem cells. This is the reason why leukemia is easy to relapse.

Who moved the "anti-bone" of cancer cells? Those who know a little about biology know that the chances of a mutation happening are very small, and there are very few examples of mutations like the Olivia that are mutated twice at the same locus. The twin sisters were 5 years old in February. It is gratifying that Little Olivia has successfully survived radiotherapy and chemotherapy and is recovering. But chemotherapy also seriously damaged her immunity. One of her eyes was blinded by infection, and her development was significantly slower than Isabella.
After a careful analysis by Chinese scientist Hong Dengli, Professor of the Sutton Cancer Institute in the United Kingdom, and Mr. Tarrich Engel, a professor of molecular medicine at the University of Oxford Medical Research Committee, they finally figured out The location of the blood cancer "grandmother" and the treatment plan were determined. Hong Dengli is a native of Huangshi City, Hubei Province. He worked in the Tongji Hospital of Wuhan for genetic modification and treatment. In 2003, he went to the Institute of Molecular Medicine of Oxford University to study the role of the childhood leukemia causative gene TEL-AML1 in hematopoietic stem cells. Hong Dengli is the lead researcher of the research team and is involved in 11 scientists from the UK, Japan and Italy. They currently use a combination of multiple therapies to kill most of the pre-leukemia stem cells in Olivia. As for Isabella, according to researchers, her chance of developing cancer is less than 1/10, and by the age of 14, all white blood stem cells in her body should die naturally.
The mother of the twin sisters, Sasha, is currently most concerned about what factors have caused the cancer grandmother in Olivia to start doing evil. Because this is very important to prevent the same tragedy from being carried out on Isabella. Scientists have now concluded that this mutation may start with a single cell, and the cause should be infection. Since the first genetic mutation, the "anti-bone" of pre-leukemia stem cells has formed. However, there is no condition for "opening up", and "grandmother" has not dared to move. But the facts that have happened to Olivia suggest that a particular disturbance will unravel the shackles that prevent cancer cells from spreading. So, who is it that angered the "grandmother"? The scientists asked their mother Sasha carefully and found some possible carcinogenic factors. Since there is no similar genetic mutation in Sasha and her husband, the growth environment and living habits of the twin sisters may be carcinogenic factors. For example, Sasha still smokes occasionally during pregnancy and works in front of a computer with a large amount of radiation. Isabella is quiet after the birth of the two sisters, while the active Olivia often touches some of the more volatile paints. Factors may touch the nerves of the "grandmother". Gene therapy or cancer "terminator"
Since the culprit leading to leukemia has been found, can scientists come up with new treatments that prevent the recurrence of the "blood doubt" tragedy? The current treatments for leukemia are mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, but these two treatments will kill the normal cells in the body while killing the cancer cells. The side effects are large and easy to relapse. The "healing" is impossible to talk about. The Times has made statistics that about 1 to 2% of children with leukemia die of chemotherapy every year. According to current treatment experience, blood cancer “grandmother” who has received numerous radiotherapy and chemotherapy is equally difficult to deal with. How to do it? Scientists think of gene therapy. Gene therapy is to implant a normal gene into a selected cell to replace the genetic defect gene in the patient's cell, or to shut down and suppress the gene with abnormal expression to achieve the purpose of treatment. Since the researchers have figured out the sequence and location of the two gene mutations, this laid the foundation for the implementation of this new treatment.
When Olivia and Isabella also developed in the mother's womb, they experienced a genetic mutation that shifted to a specific chromosome to form the TEL-AML1 gene. At this time, their genetic arrangement became a "quasi-death sequence" that was only one step away from leukemia. The "pre-leukemia stem cells" in their bodies were born. Olivia suffered another genetic mutation when she was two years old. The normal TEL gene was lost, and she suffered from leukemia. And the bad luck did not come to Isabella's head, she is still very healthy. According to Professor Griffith, they are considering a "gene silencing" therapy. This therapy inhibits the abnormal expression of genes in stem cells by manipulating a high-specificity gene to express small molecule miRNAs. In December 2007, researchers at research institutes such as the Watson Institute of Biological Sciences in Long Island, Long Island, New York, USA, successfully manipulated miRNAs to successfully screen and inhibit stem cell-like cells in mouse mammary gland tissue. Now scientists are expecting to inhibit the expression of TEL-AML1 gene through this small molecule that can change the life code, and prevent leukemia from occurring at the source.
In the famous sci-fi movie "Terminator 1" starring Schwarzenegger, the computer system "Skynet" sent robots through time and space to kill the mother of future human leaders in order to defeat humanity. With the theoretical weapon of "pre-cancer stem cells", scientists will have no worries as long as they can die in the "grandmother" stage of cancer. Grievous also said that other malignant tumors such as lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, etc., may experience the stage of pre-stem differentiation, so the development of drugs to deal with cancer "grandmother" is very significant. ——Midi Medical Network

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