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A three-year intercropping technique of watermelon, corn and autumn vegetables
In order to meet market needs and increase land use efficiency, the author conducted a one-year, three-year, three-year cultivation trial of watermelon and cornmeal in the outskirts of the Hexi region of Gansu and the vegetable production concentration township. After 3 years of practice, the author worked out a Efficient cultivation techniques. 1. Soil preparation 1.1 Soil selection before sowing. Watermelon and corn are hi-favored fertilizer crops, and should be selected from flat land, deep soil, easy irrigation, dry soil with loose fertile land, water-filled flat land, small slopes, or salt content of less than 0.3%. The soil is loamy soil or sandy loam, and the rotation is more than 5 years (years). 1.2 Soil fertigation. The pods are generally soaked after the harvest of the former crop and then mechanically deep-flipped. Deeply piling 25--33cm deep in the soil with deep soil and long-term retention of water and fertility, and a depth of 14--22cm for a thin soil layer with shallow plowing depth. Afterwards, the soil is matured for a period of time. In the fall, combined with light turning, it is applied to the decomposed organic fertilizer 4000--5000kg, and the general pass calcium phosphate 50--60kg, potassium sulfate 3kg. Winter irrigation before winter. When the soil is thawed in early spring, the top of the mountain must be spring irrigated early in the autumn and spring when the wind is large and the drought occurs. Apply the basal fertilizer to the basal fertiliser immediately, turn it over to ensure soil moisture, and combine the land and land to make the soil fine and loose. Soft and flat requirements. 1.3 Wash salt and alkali. For the saline-alkali land, wash the salt with alkali, and then spray Kangdibao 1kg (667 square meters) (upper right -1). Then use 2.5cm thick fine sand to sow the salt; in the severe grass damage area, in mid-March, combine soil preparation with every 100ml of Trifluralin per 667 square meters and apply 30kg of water to the surface. Mix well and sow 5 - 7 days (days) after repression. 1.4 Ridge coating. Watermelon ridge distance 60--80cm, ridge height 40--50cm, ridge width 150--200cm, ridge slope 45, after the sloping flat selection of 90--95cm transparent film or purple film, in late March to 4 At the beginning of the month, 4 to 5 days (days) before sowing, the film needs to be coated with 4 people for continuous operation. The two people use shovels to cut ridges or sloping surfaces in the front, and then pull the film down the wind. The back of the membrane is pressed with earth. Both sides of the membrane are required to be tight and close to the ridge slope. Then, the membrane is pressed firmly on both sides with soil. A small mound is pressed on the membrane every 3 - 5 m to prevent the wind from removing the membrane. 2, the good sowing Guan 2.1 selection of species. The watermelon seeds are selected from the medium-early-maturing varieties that are cold-resistant, high-yield, disease-resistant, resistant to storage and transport, high-quality, and adapt to local climate and Other ecological conditions and are welcomed by the market. Such as Hainong No.6, Hainong No.8, Yellow Pearl, Green Beauty, Taiwan Xiaohuangbao, Yuyi Black Xiaobao, Taiwan Xiao Xiaofeng and so on. Maize seeds are selected from high-yielding, high-quality, disease-resistant and short-term early-maturing and medium-early-early fresh corn varieties such as Zhongdan No. 2, Yudan No. 2, Anyu No. 22, Hudan 22, Zhongdan Wang, and Sweet List. No. 8, wine list, etc. Autumn vegetables selected spinach, wolfberry, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, celery, radish and so on. 2.2 Seed treatment. Watermelon seeds are soaked in a drying bench for 2 - 3 days (days) and soaked in warm water at 55°C for 10 - 15 minutes (minutes), and stirring is continued to reduce the water temperature to 40°C and soaking again for 3 - 6 hours (hours) After the seeds are wrapped in a wet cloth and germinated at 25--30°C; corn seeds are exposed on the drying bench before sowing for 2 - 3 days (days); vegetable seeds are spread on the paper for 1 - 2 days (days). Then, soak for 5 to 10 minutes (minutes) with “open to cool†water (water temperature around 55°C), and then germinate at 25–30°C with a damp cloth. 2.3 sowing. The watermelon was sown in early April. After the melon field is covered with 4--5 days (days), the hole is drawn by 1/2 line at the slope of the ridge slope, with a width and depth of 3--4 cm, and the watermelon seeds are planted with 2--3 seeds per hole. The seeds are laid flat, and then the wells and membrane holes are buried well with wet soil. In early May, sowing maize, according to the spacing of 20cm, in the ridge slope slope mask membrane height of 1/3 and 2/3 draw line double sowing, attention when planting and watermelon seeding point staggered, the same method and watermelon. In late June-early July, the watermelons were cut off after the harvest, and the ridges were leveled. The autumn vegetables were planted on a spot or 2 to 3 cm in height after being planted or broadcast. 3. Strengthen field management 3.1 seedling cultivation. Watermelon seedlings are spread out in the cotyledon flats, and the heart leaves are opened for seedlings, leaving 1 seed per hole. When the corn has 3 to 4 true leaves, the seedlings and seedlings are once completed. In the field of watermelon and corn seedlings, a lot of cultivating and weeding should be carried out, and the soil should be sealed tightly with soil in time to prevent running out of heat and breeding of weeds. 3.2 fertilize irrigation. Watermelon seedling stage, combined with irrigation of 5 kg of ammonium nitrate per 667 square meters; extending flowering period, topdressing phosphorus diammonium 154g, and spraying 2% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate every 5-7d (days), until the watermelon matures After the watermelon harvest, the corn megaphone combines the middle irrigation with urea or ammonium nitrate 8kg and phosphorus diammonium 10kg per 667m2. After the corn is harvested in mid-August, the autumn vegetable is transplanted or sowed, and the decomposed organic fertilizer or dressing is applied. After the seedlings were properly top-dressed. Before corn is sown, four true leaves of watermelons are poured out and the water is poured. When the fruits are not mature, they are poured with water once. After the harvest of watermelon, the corn enters the big horn period, and it is sown with autumn vegetables. Afterwards, water is poured every 10-15 days (days) according to rainfall and flood conditions. Watermelon during fertility, irrigation should be selected in the evening or cloudy days, adhere to the small water slow irrigation, irrigation height in the ridge height 1/2, do not ridge, watermelon harvest, corn and autumn vegetables require water over the ridge irrigation Face, fast irrigation with large water, to prevent the water area. 3.3 watermelon pruning melon. Watermelon uses double vine pruning, leaving 1 main vine and 1 robust side vine, leaving 1 melon in the second female flower position on the main vine. Artificial pollination during the flowering period of watermelon. 3.4 Prevention of pests and diseases. In the middle and early May of the first month, the irrigation system starts with irrigated water every 667m2 with 50g 100-times solution of Green Hunter No.1, and is sprayed with 600 times solution of Green Hunter No.2 every 5 days (days) until the beginning of September, which has good control over the disease in Daejeon. effect. Rat pests and insect pests such as ground tigers, blunders, diamond drills, bridge-building insects, aphids, red spiders, and butterfly larvae should be forecasted and forecasted in a timely manner. Corresponding commercial drug control and comprehensive control measures should be adopted. For example, 50% phoxim emulsion is used to spray pests in the sunny afternoon, and 50% carbendazim is sprayed to prevent disease. If sporadic diseased plants or dead plants are discovered in Daejeon during the period of childbirth, they must be promptly removed and buried in order to prevent the spread of diseases.
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