Adult Camellia Grafting Camellia Technology

Adult Camellia Grafting Camellia Technology

Camellia and camellia are both evergreen shrubs or small trees of the family Camellia. The former is a woody fuel oil unique to China, and its oil is a world-recognized green food; the latter is one of China's top ten famous flowers. Its rich colors, green leaves are evergreen, with beautiful peony and plum blossom, is a green and beautifying environment. Woody flowers are deeply loved by people. At present, there are a large number of adult low-yielding oil tea forests in China's Camellia production areas, which have low yields and poor economic returns. If Shanhua Scions are used to graft on low-yielding oil tea trees, through intensive management, Camellia seedlings can be established within three years, which will greatly increase economic efficiency. . Here are the technical points of Camellia Camellia:
First, the grafting time can be grafted during the growth of Camellia and Camellia in the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn. Among them, the grafting effect was better from March to June, so the scion quality was better and the climatic conditions were suitable. The scion growth period was longer, the growth was larger, and the survival rate of the graft was high. From July to August, the temperature is relatively high, shading and moisturizing measures must be fully implemented in order to achieve a satisfactory graft survival rate. From October to November, although the temperature is suitable, the survival rate of the grafts is higher, but the growth period of the scion is relatively short. After the winter, the scion shoots are not fully lignified and are prone to frost damage.
Second, the selection of anvil sticks must first choose 15 to 35 years old, strong growth, oil tea trees without pests and diseases as rootstock. On the rootstock, select 5 to 7 main branches with branch diameters of 2 to 5 cm for the anvil branch. The branches of the anvil branch should be properly angled, with a clear master-slave relationship and a balanced distribution. After grafting, the grafted plants can form a good crown, which makes the distribution of the tea flowers even and beautiful. In addition to the rootstock of each rootstock, one or two main shoots should be added as vegetative shoots, and the rest should be removed. Each of the anvil branches should have 1 to 2 side branches for supplementary support, and the rest should be removed.
Third, the scion structure scion mother trees and rootstock growth should be in an exuberant period, the earing grafting, in order to make the high survival rate of the anvil, growth and coordination. For scion collection of the same rootstock, different mother trees with similar flowering duration and similar growth should be selected so that the development of the canopy of the anvil can be balanced. For those with thicker basal diameters of rootstocks, it is advisable to choose the scion that grows fast and the flower type is large; if the stock base diameter is smaller, the scion with smaller leaves and smaller flower diameter should be selected. The same stock stock can graft multiple varieties of scion to form a single product, different from left to right, different from top to bottom, another color in the middle, multi-colored surrounding colorful structure.
Fourth, scion collection should be selected to grow vigorously, no pests and diseases, adult excellent species of Camellia for the scion mother tree. On the outer periphery of the upper part of the mother tree's canopy, well-grown, bud-filled eyes with thicker than 0.3 cm thick lignified or semi-wooded branches were used for scion. The branches of the panicles are bundled into small ones, and the base is wrapped with wet toilet paper to prevent wind and sun, and it is used for grafting as soon as possible. Scion collected in winter should be stored in wet sand layers. The humidity of sand should be suitable for handing out water, a layer of sand and scion, and finally cover sand to cover wet grass, and be taken out when grafting.
Fifth, the grafting operation is commonly used to pull the skin and form the layer butt.
1. Broken anvil pulling the skin grafted on the selected anvil branch 60 ~ 90 cm from the ground between the branch diameter of 2 to 5 cm sawing off, retaining the auxiliary side branch, sparsely remove the other side branch, remove the dirt under the fracture , Flatten the fracture and make the fracture slightly taller, cut a 2 to 3 cm long noodle behind the leaf scion (make the leaf face on the top of the cut surface), cut it deep enough to slightly see the xylem, and cut a short side at both ends of the long face. Cut the noodles so that their cross-section becomes a horse-shaped shape and cut the leaves in half. Cut the anatomical section of the cortex downwards and cut it to the depth of the xylem. The width and the length of the longitudinal section of the anvil branch are equal to the width and the length of the long face of the scion. Pick off the vertical incision of the anvil branch and pull it down, insert the long face of the scion into the incision of the anvil, and pull the anvil to cover the scion. Finally, wrap the interface with a plastic film tape, and use a plastic film anti-sleeving (moisturizing) while scooping it, and wrap the kraft paper outside the bag (for shading purposes), and secure the bagging and covering.
2. Form a layer of docking in the selected anvil branch 60 ~ 90 cm from the ground, branch diameter of 2 to 5 cm at the place for access, remove the dirt on the access. Cut a long, 2 to 3 cm long noodles on the opposite side of the scion leaves, cut them deep enough to form a layer and see the xylem. When cutting the noodles, the blade should be cut to the top, and a short cut should be made on both sides of the cut surface to make its section. Become a horse-shaped ear, and finally cut the blade halfway. Cut a piece of noodles on the anvil that has the same length and width as the scion long noodles, and deepen until the middle of the layer is slightly visible. The scion long noodles are attached to the anvil noodles, and the plastic film tape is used to wrap the interface, and at the same time, a plastic film (moisturizing) and kraft paper (shading) are applied. Finally, the anvil at or above the junction was broken at 1/2 to remove its apical dominance and promote scion and growth of the scion.
Sixth, after the management of grafting should do the following management.
1. After unwrapping and cutting an anvil, about 30 days after grafting, when the scion shoot contacts the moisturizing film, the moisturizing film can be cut off on cloudy days or evenings, but shading paper still needs to be retained. The shade paper and banding belt can be released in about 60 days. The anvil body above the anvil branch can be cut in about 90 days, and the sprouting and auxiliary side branches on the anvil branch can be cut off, and the main branch can be removed after six months.
2. Fertilization and irrigation should be based on the different stages of the growth of the appropriate fertilization. In winter, each plant can produce 1 kg of high-quality fertilizer, such as cake fertilizer, in the gutters; in the spring and summer, diluted fertilizers such as superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea can be poured; flower bud differentiation and flower bud expansion can also be performed on cloudy days. Foliar spray fertilizer is applied in the evening and its concentration should be within 0.3%. Proper and timely application of water and fertilization is an important measure to promote the growth of contaminated plants. The seasons of spring, summer, and autumn are the growing season of camellia. The water requirement is large, and it is appropriate to see drought and water supply. In winter, the tea plants enter a semi-dormant period, and appropriate water is poured to keep the soil moist.
3. Disease prevention and pest control Cigarette disease is the main disease of Camellia. The disease causes the plants to cover a layer of black and hinder the photosynthesis, thus affecting the growth and development of the plants. The bituminous coal disease is caused by the scale insects. The prevention method is to eliminate the scale insects. Scale insects can be sprayed with 1,000 times the poisonous silk, 10 times a day, and even spray three times. Tianniu and tea aphid stem feeding tea stalk, can be used to dip 80% dichlorvos emulsion 2 times the liquid, into the boring hole to kill. Tea tree leaves are vulnerable to sucking and chewing mouthpart pests, and can be sprayed and killed by 1500 times.
4. Packing and Dumping The packing is done in the early spring of 2 years before the camellia leaves, which can promote fibrous roots and improve the survival rate. A radius of 20 cm from the trunk each year, digging two opposite 1/4 arc-shaped trenches, two-year orientation of the open trenches should be staggered, trench depth of 40 cm or more, width 10 cm, cut off the root system in the trench, reclaim the soil, Fertilize properly and keep the ditch moist. Camellia excavation is best carried out in the dormant period. Excavate seedlings roots should try to bring soil ball, soil ball diameter should be greater than 50 centimeters, with straw ropes for vertical and horizontal incline staggered binding, and finally coated with wet grass soil ball, in transit Care should be taken to shade and moisten the tree and soil balls.

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