Mulberry Cultivation Technology

Mulberry Cultivation Technology

Mulberry trees are perennial woody plants, and they are long-lived tree species. Naturally grown mulberry trees have the longest lifespan of more than a thousand years. The cultivated mulberry trees are subject to artificial cutting, long-term leaf collection, etc. The lifespan is much shorter, but the harvest period is more than 10 years.

I. Establishment of the new mulberry garden

(I) Selection

Select the soil with deep, loose and fertile soil, away from the polluted places, and require irrigation and drainage. The best choice is paddy fields, and sporadic mountainous areas, slopes, and floodplains can be planted with mulberry trees.

(B) Preparation before transplanting

1. Deeply plough the soil, promote the oxidation of heart and soil, enhance ventilation and water permeability.

2. Apply basal fertilizer to require fully decomposed pig manure and soil miscellaneous fertilizer 20-30 as base fertilizers, combined with deep plowing to deepen the organic fertilizer.

3, site preparation, excavation drainage irrigation ditch. Land preparation requirements are fine, no weeds are flat. The width of the compartment is 1.3-1.6 meters, and the depth of the trench is 20-30 centimeters. The trenches were excavated around the field blocks and the cross grooves in the middle were 10 cm deeper than the trenches.

(III) Planting

1, planting period. It is generally better to plant in winter and early spring, and it is required that the soil temperature be stable at about 10-12°C.

2, seedlings selection and processing. Good seedlings should be selected for seedlings without pests. In the summer and autumn seasons, mulberry seedlings should not be damaged by roots as much as possible to protect the roots of the mulberry seedlings. In the winter and spring, mulberry trees should be cut to the long roots slightly to promote the development of multiple lateral roots. Before planting, the mud mixed with phosphate fertilizers should be used for rooting. Rooted in survival.

3, planting density. Guangxi mulberry field is suitable for dense planting and fast-growing, and the hybrid mulberry is suitable for planting 5000-7000 plants per acre. The average row spacing is 65-80 cm and the plant spacing is 12-18 cm.

4, planting methods. The mulberry roots are buried in the mulberry line soil, the cover soil is lightly lifted, the roots are stretched, and then a layer of scotch soil is pressed. The roots are required to pass through the roots by 3 cm, and the roots are filled with water, and the plants are cut within 2 days after planting. , leave the plant height 10-20 cm, cut off the tip to reach a uniform height.

(IV) Management after planting

1, cover. Use straw or weeds to cover the ground or mulberry, water and drought protection, reduce plant water loss, inhibit weed growth, prevent soil compaction, and fertilize soil.

2, timely watering drought, remove water. Maintaining proper soil moisture is the key to the survival and growth of new mulberry. Drought occurs in time when the soil is dry, and it drains in time when it is rainy.

3, loose soil weeding. After a certain period of time, especially after the rain, the soil is easy to be compacted and combined with weeding for loose soil, which facilitates the growth of mulberry roots.

4, fertilization. After the new mulberry sprouts and leaves, apply manure or urea fertilizer once. Later, according to the new sang growth situation, chase fertilizer 1-2 times. The amount of fertilizer applied is 5 to 10 kg of urea or 10 to 15 kg of compound fertilizer per mu. The amount of fertilizer should not be too much for each small tree stage and should be eaten less frequently.

5, replanting strains. Mulberry saplings will affect the yield, and the missing saplings should be replanted in a timely manner. When planting mulberry, some plants should be left or some plants should be planted between dense plants to make up for deficiencies. At the same time, strengthen management to promote its growth.

II. Mulberry Management and Mulberry Harvest

(a) Mulberry fertilization

Mulberry fertilization can not only produce high yield of mulberry leaves, but also is an important measure to improve the quality of mulberry leaves to ensure the harvest of silkworm cocoons and to obtain high-quality silkworm eggs. The mulberry garden with low soil fertility requires 1.9-2.0 kg of pure nitrogen, 0.75-1.0 kg of pure phosphorus, and 1.0-1.13 kg of pure potassium per 100 kg of mulberry leaf.

1. Fertilizer types: Mainly include organic fertilizers such as manure, cake fertilizer, earth miscellaneous fertilizer, compost, pond mud, and green manure; compound fertilizer, urea, superphosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, grass ash, lime, and other inorganic fertilizers and trace amounts Elemental fertilizer and so on.

2, fertilization method

(1) Organic fertilizer. Manure, cake fat, etc., generally must be cooked into the mulberry garden. It is usually applied after winter cutting, but it can also be used after the summer harvest and other periods, and it can be applied by ditching. Mixed fertilizer and green manure can also be spread across the rows. The germination stage of the leach manure fertilizer is faster.

(2) Compound fertilizer, urea, superphosphate, organic compound fertilizer, etc. can also be used as basal fertilizer, which should generally be applied in a ditch.

(3) Mulberry Fertilization and Fertilization: Fermentation of Mulberry Fertilizer in Mulberry Germination, Mash Application of 15 kg of Urea, and Stepping on Chemical Fertilizer Once within 3 Days Afterwards, Applying 15 kg of Urea per Mushi, Superphosphate 10 kg or compound fertilizer 25 kg, can also be used 10 kg urea plus compound fertilizer 12 kg or feces water 30-40 Tam.

(4) Two-year fertilization method throughout the year. The total amount of fertilizers will be divided into spring and summer, and will be opened twice in the deep trenches. The amount will be 60% in the first half and 40% in the second half. After the cover soil is compacted, cover weeds or green manure.

(5) Foliar fertilization. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, foliar seedlings, Penshibao and other foliar fertilizers have a certain effect on increasing yield of mulberry leaves or improving leaf quality, and foliar fertilizers are generally used more than 15 days before mulberry leaf use in mulberry production stage.

(b) Mulberry land ploughing and weeding

The mulberry garden plowed the winter sun in mid-December. In the spring, summer and autumn, weeding is performed once, and weeding and weeding are combined.

(III) Irrigation and Drainage

Mulberry leaf moisture content is generally 70-80%, less than 70-80% of mulberry leaves affected, less than 50% timely irrigation, flood irrigation, furrow irrigation, sprinkler irrigation and watering methods can be used for irrigation. The soil moisture should not be too much. In the rainy season, the land is low and the groundwater level is high. At this time, water should be excluded.

(D) Mulberry cutting form

Reasonable cutting can reduce flower and fruit, promote vegetative growth, renew shoots to adjust ventilation and light environment, promote vigorous growth of new shoots, reduce diseases and insect pests, and increase leaf production and leaf quality.

1. Summer Harvest. Summer Harvest generally adopts the root method. In other words, the above-ground parts are cut flatly. This type of cutting is suitable for blade extraction and management. However, the head made more sand and leaves.

2, winter cutting. Qi Gong is generally used for cutting (mainly 30-50 cm high). Fist trees are formed on the same site for each cut. Qiquan cutting is the cutting of the branches at the base of the branches of the boxing branches. There are many branches in this way, and the output is relatively stable.

III. Current leading varieties in Guangxi

(a) Guisangyou 62

It is a mulberry hybrid combination (variety) bred by Guangxi General District of Sericulture Extension. Features: Early germination, late leaf fall dormancy late, long growth period, effective branches, leaf growth fast, large leaves, high yield leaves, per mu yield up to 4000 kg.

(b) Gui Sang You 12

This breed is also a new hybrid variety developed by Guangxi Sericulture Extension Station. Features: neat groups, strong growth, long leaves, fast internodes, early germination, late leaves, strong drought resistance, strong regeneration, multiple cuttings a year, large and thick leaves, dark green leaves, Mulberry yield up to 3927 kilograms.

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