Aquatic plant disease control technology

Aquatic plant disease control technology

Hydrophyte disease prevention technology: Plants generally form biological characteristics of their own groups under long-term natural and artificial selection, have a certain range of adaptation to the surrounding environment, and form a complex interdependence and mutual restriction of ecological balance with other organisms. relationship. When the environmental conditions drastically change beyond the adaptation limit or suffer from the invasion of pathogenic organisms, the normal metabolism of the plant is disturbed and destroyed. This phenomenon can be considered as a disease of the plant.
Diseases of aquatic plants can be mainly divided into infective diseases and non-invasive diseases. The fatal hazards are generally infectious diseases, which are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, viruses, nematodes, etc. They are infectious and extremely harmful. The prevention and control are not timely, resulting in a decline in production, poor quality, and loss of economic value. The main diseases are spoilage (Irisaceae), melasma (Cyperaceae), sheath blight, disease, etc., and often show signs of decay, mosaic, malformation, and leaf spot.
With the continuous increase in temperature, the incidence of diseases in aquatic plant species has risen from the previous period. How can we effectively reduce and prevent diseases in management? After years of practice, we have come up with the idea that "enhancing water and fertilizer management" is a key link, especially important. Aquatic plants generally give most people the impression that growth is rough and management is relatively simple. In actual fact, aquatic plants, like other ornamentals, complete the entire growth process from germination to flowering, and maintain normal life activities. The demand for various types of nutrients and trace elements is very large, including commonly used nitrogen and phosphorus. Potassium and other nutrients, but also absorb trace elements such as copper, zinc, manganese. Therefore, "reasonable water and fertilizer management" can promote the healthy growth of plants, thereby enhancing the plant's own disease resistance. Therefore, in daily management, it is necessary to strengthen the implementation of the following measures:
1. Whether water management of aquatic plants can refer to the cultivation techniques of rice. In terms of water, the water in the seedling stage is appropriate, the shallow water layer should be kept, the water should be kept clear, the tillering period should be shallow, the shallow water should be ground irrigation, the later period should be used, and the field should be properly dried. After rehydration, the water should be kept dry and wet, so that the front water can not see the water. This can generally play the following aspects:
(1) It can regulate and control the microclimate in the field, moderately reduce the relative humidity in the field, and unfavorable diseases.
(2) It can increase the oxygen content of the soil and the oxidizing ability of the soil and remove the reducing toxic substances from the soil, which is beneficial to the development of the root system.
(3) Ineffective childbirth can be controlled to increase photosynthesis efficiency, increase carbohydrate accumulation, promote robust growth of plants, and increase resistance to disease.
2. For fertilizers, “pre-promoting, mid-control, and post-protection” methods can be adopted, focusing on early fertilization, and about 60%-70% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as a base fertilizer, and the flowering period before flowering is 30% to 40%. Duration of nitrogen and nitrogen supplement later, main attack period. Apply basal fertilizer, apply fertilizer early, apply reasonable allocation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, increase application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, apply appropriate nitrogen fertilizer as a rule, apply fertilizer once every 15 days during the growth period, and apply it continuously for 2 to 3 times. If too much nitrogen fertilizer is applied, it will easily lead to madness, poor resistance, lodging, and susceptible diseases. General fertilization can be carried out when combined with irrigation.
3. In daily management, chemical control cannot be ignored. However, drug control can only be used as an auxiliary measure and remedial measure, and the principle of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control” should be mastered. For example, the drug should be used in the early stage of disease or early stage of disease. The commonly used bactericidal agents are generally 80% of students. 75% chlorothalonil, 70% methyl moxifon, 5% Jinggangmycin, etc. The concentration should be controlled at about 800-1000 times, the dosage of mu is 150 g/mu, and 7 days is used as a cycle for continuous application. Times.
The planting density of plants should be rationalized, and timely thinning should be adjusted during cultivation, timely weeds and litter should be removed, and the degree of ventilation and dehumidification should be increased in order to improve the growth space of the plants and reduce the susceptibility and morbidity of aquatic plants. .
In addition, the cropping system can be properly improved, a reasonable rotation, deeper winter plowing of the soil, and reduction in the parasite's wintering parasitism.
All in all, in the management process, we must constantly improve and improve the cultivation techniques and cultivate strong seedlings to improve plant resistance to pests and diseases. (Upper House Flower and Garden Center ---- Liu Xin)

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