The main objectives of the winter pruning of the age-resulting tree are to regulate the shoot load per plant and unit area, the number of resulting mother trees and the length of the resulting mother tree, stabilize the tree vigor, balance plants, grow robustly, and maintain a strong result capability. (1) Pruning time: buried cold areas should be pruned after the first morning frost. Cold areas are not buried, from mid-January to mid-February. In the tropical and southern subtropical regions, there is basically no freezing in the soil, and winter shears are inflicted at any time, usually in the coldest mid-January. (2) Pruning length: The length of one-year mature cuttings of winter cuts depends on the characteristics of the varieties and the robustness of the shoots, and it is also beneficial to stabilizing the tree potential and the partial updating of the resulting shoots. According to the number of stay in the production, it is divided into 5 kinds of pruning length short shoots (ultra-short shoots), leaving only shoot stem buds or leaving one section; short shoots, leaving 1-4 sections; middle shoots, leaving 5-8 sections; Long shoots, leaving 9-12 knots; long shoots, leaving more than 12 knots. Saplings in the year of release, the production of widely used pruning method is based on long shoots and ultra-long tips pruning. After entering adulthood, there are generally the following: mid-length tips are mainly pruned; mid-short tips are mainly pruned; short tips and super short tips are mainly pruned. 1 Long-tailed pruning dominates. For the growth of strong varieties or growth potential. Summer trimmed more extensive trees. For example, in the old production area of ​​Changli, Hebei Province, the branches will not be harvested before flowering, and the shoots on both sides will not be treated. Only the buds, branches, and shoots will be wiped; the south wet area, the low temperature in early spring, and the upper middle or upper shoots. The flower bud differentiation of shoots is often stronger than that of the base section. In addition, the growth period is longer and the tree vigor is slower and weaker. It is advisable to use a combination of long, short, and medium-length shoots. 2 short tips are mainly pruned. It is used to grow strong varieties. In most of the production areas north of the Yellow River, the results of the new shoots are subject to stricter summer shear control, and most of them are dominated by mid-short shoots; the mature trees in the weak growth areas of the southern producing areas should be gradually moved from the middle age to the middle length. Cut pruning methods that mainly consist of turning short tips or short tips. 3 short shoots or ultra short tips are mainly trimmed. It is used for growing middle and weak varieties, with short annual growth periods and strict summer pruning in vineyards. In areas with slightly longer growing seasons, dry and dry trees are often used. In the case of high yields and strict control of new shoots, pruning methods based on short shoots and super short shoots are also effective. (3) The amount of winter clipping buds: The winter buds of the grapes are the organs that are the result of sprouting or developing branches. Therefore, the amount of winter shearing buds, that is, the number of buds retained on a single plant or on a unit area in the winter pruning, constitutes the basis for the yield and growth of the plant in the following year. Mature grape is based on the plant growth, fertilizer and water management level, frame size and other factors to determine the amount of single plant or unit area of ​​the winter shear retention buds. In general, in vineyards with better management, for most fresh food species, about 4-6 buds in the northern region can guarantee 1 kg fruit. If 30,000 kilograms per hectare, 120,000-180 thousand buds per hectare are left. About 8 to 10 shoots in the south can guarantee 1 kg of fruit. If 22,500 kg per hectare, then 180,000 to 225,000 shoots per hectare will remain. How many buds per hectare still have to consider the following factors: The trimming or super-long shoot trimming in the mid-to-long shoots is not as good as the short shoot trimming germination rate, so the amount of buds left should be more. Extensive summer management, the formation of flower buds out of the shift, the poor flower bud differentiation at the base, leaving a high amount of buds; summer management of fine scissors, and the implementation of bow-shaped shoots, the base of the buds see the amount of good buds can be less appropriate. Suffering from various natural disasters, causing early defoliation; Tree vigor caused by excessive load, should reduce the amount of winter clipping and bud retention, and delay the planned rate of defoliation. (4) Results of mother shoots, selection and maintenance of renewed shoots, and branching of new shoots Pruning: well-grown shoots are dark in appearance, streak-clear, shiny, thick in section, suitable in internode length, full in shoots, The pith is small, and it must be crispy when trimmed. The thickness is usually between 0.6 and 1.2 cm, and 0.7-1.0 cm (in the south) or 0.8-1.1 cm (in the north) is the best. Mature tips, strong and cold resistance are often stronger than the main tip, and can be selected as the result of the mother tree or regeneration techniques. When selecting the remaining parent and new branch, the first thing that should be considered is selecting the new branch. To update the technique, or to call it a preparatory branch, the north should choose the moderately strong branches, and the south should choose the moderately weak branches so as to keep the 1-3 buds short. If you choose to make branches that are too strong and prosperous, because the cuts are too short, late springs will sprout over prosperous branches, which is detrimental to the stability of the tree. There is no mean tree branch in the proper position of the cranium. When only the long branches of the prosperous ancestors are cut, the long shoots of the branches can be trimmed. The spring branches of this branch are tied to the vines to induce the middle buds of the buds to sprout and the second year of winter shear. Stay updated. The scaffolding is dry and the fences are regular fan-shaped. Usually, one new branch is selected every 20-30 cm on the backbone. The renewal branches should be as close as possible to the backbone vines and underneath the replaced parental branches in order to prevent the resulting parts from moving outward. When cutting in winter, select the renewed shoots at a certain distance on the backbone vines first, and leave 1-3 buds for short cuts. Then according to the tree potential, the size of the plane, leaving the amount of leaving buds leaving the results of the mother. After the branches are renewed, they will be cultivated into the result branches year by year, and both branches or new branches will be updated to prevent the branches and branches from relocating. However, as the age of the tree grows, there will also be problems with ageing of the branches. The performance of old vines on the formation of deformed gimmicks. For these ageing results, the main method for updating is to use buds sprouted on buds or shoots sprouted from the base buds. When winter trimmings are used as short shoots, new shoots will be gradually cultivated into new ones. In the Kyoho group and a considerable part of European and American hybrids, the buds in the buds can easily germinate, resulting in a reduction in the amount of cryptic buds and a weaker germination power of the buds. This can easily lead to baldness in the old and dry branches and away from the cranial vines. Since most of the Kyoho cultivars cultivated in most regions of China use small row spacing and small plant shapes, usually the branches and branches have just aged and the naked vines appear bald, and the renewal of the stalk vines must be implemented. Although the problem is better resolved, the Shelter Park Large plant shape must be taken seriously. The use of natural sector shaping, but also pay attention to choose to stay updated. When the cranial cul-de-sac occurs with a large section of baldness, it is sparsely removed and replaced by the appropriate short cuts from the robust branches near the main vine. (5) Replacement of the main vine extension tip: When the main vine extension tip has reached the top of the shelf or the main lateral extension branch is inferior to the lower branch of the backbone, the winter branch needs to be updated for the extension branch. The cuttings of the prolonged branches of the apex are to be cut off, and the branches left at the rear are to be appropriately left long instead of the prolonged ones.
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Grape result tree winter pruning