High-yield and high-quality cultivation of pollution-free tea

High-yield and high-quality cultivation of pollution-free tea

Tea is a kind of beverage that people love, but in recent years due to environmental deterioration in some areas and the large-scale use of fertilizers and pesticides, resulting in the decline of tea quality in local tea areas. At present, the vigorous development of pollution-free green food is in line with China's accession to the WTO on the quality of agricultural products is an effective way to increase the income of tea farmers. Now the high-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques for pollution-free tea trees are described below. The construction of tea gardens in tea gardens must select areas where the air is fresh, the water quality is pure, the soil is uncontaminated, and the ecological environment is good. The test data of the atmosphere, water, soil, etc., should be within the allowable range set by the International Union of Agricultural Sports. There must be a separation zone between the organic tea planting area and the conventional agricultural area. The isolation belt is best protected by natural barriers such as mountains, rivers, lakes and natural vegetation, or artificial forests and pastures should be created. The width of the isolation zone must not be less than 9 meters. Planting tea trees along slopes is to follow contour lines or to build terraces. Natural vegetation should be preserved between the top of the mountain, ridges and terraces. In order to strengthen soil conservation, water conservation, wind protection, and biological control, special planting of specific plants is planned. Species and seedlings should be selected in various places to adapt to the local natural environment and show more resistant varieties. Seedlings must use non-disease pests, seedlings with a height of 20 cm or more, and robustly growing annual clones. The cultivation and management techniques of young tea gardens 1. Deep ploughing and soil improvement. Water is an important component of tea plant organisms. Deeply ploughing and improving soil can store water and water, ensuring that the roots of tea plants grow well. When plowing deeply, the topsoil and heart and soil should not be disturbed. They should be placed on the inner side and the outer side respectively. When filling the soil, the topsoil should enter the bottom of the ditch, and the soil and soil should be laid on top of it. The depth of deep plowing needs to be more than 50 cm. 2, transplanting. Transplanting time depends on the species, usually in late spring from late February to mid-March, or from late fall to early winter, from mid-October to early November, and it is better to choose cloudy or rainy weather for transplanting. The sunny weather of the northwest winds or the rainy weather is transplanted. Using a single-row planting method, the line (bush) distance was 1.5-0.33 meters, and more than 4,000 strains per 667 square meters (3 strains were bundles). Planting ditch every 667 square meters of vegetable seed cake fertilizer 400 kilograms, decomposed livestock manure 2000-4000 kilograms. Seedlings should be selected grade 1-2 seedlings, 1-2 days before raising seedlings irrigated, so that the seedbed soil is moist, in order to reduce root damage from the seedlings. When the seedlings are lifted, the roots should be soiled, transplanted with soil, appropriate deep-rooted (submerged at the root neck), non-exposed fibrous roots, stretched roots, appropriate compaction, pouring root water, cover the loose soil at the base, and cover the grass. 3, seedling period management. We must diligently rake the grass, dilute it with water, apply thin fertilizers, and prevent and control pests and diseases in time to achieve seedling protection, seedlings, and seedlings. Young tea gardens should be artificially grassed, banned from chemical pesticides, and weeding should be done 4 times a year. For perennial tea seedlings, as far as possible, weeding should be done first within 30 cm of the seedlings to prevent loosening of tea seedlings, affecting growth, and then proceeding between rows. Scribbled grass. 4, shaping pruning. It is mainly to inhibit the tea tree apical dominance, promote the growth of branches, increase the number of branches and branches, and to form a plump canopy. This is one of the basic measures for the cultivation of high quality and high yield tea plants. Young tea trees must be pruned three times. Different varieties have different growth habits, so pruning techniques are also different. The main branch is usually cut off from the ground for the first time at 20 cm. The second time the main branch is cultivated, the cut is 30-35 cm away from the ground when the height of the tree exceeds 35 cm. The third time, the high-yield crown skeleton is formed, and the clipping height is at the second. Increase the length of the incision on the basis of 15 cm, require cutting, cut off the weak branches and pests and branches. The cultivation and management techniques after putting into operation 1. According to the quantitative production, scientific fertilization. Non-polluted tea production should vigorously promote the application of organic fertilizer and balanced fertilization, and prohibit the use of chemical synthetic fertilizers, municipal waste, etc., and apply organic compound fertilizers. Generally, 100 kg of dry tea is collected and 12 to 15 kg of pure nitrogen fertilizer, 4-5 kg ​​of pure phosphate fertilizer, and 4 to 5 kg of pure potassium fertilizer are used. The amount of organic fertilizer is converted into elemental fertilizer. To reuse basal fertilizer, generally apply fertilizer, compost, 1,000 gram of manure or 90-120 kilograms of cake fertilizer per 100 kilograms of dried tea, and cover the soil under digging trenches from August to October. Fertilizer is applied one month before tea-picking, mainly based on decomposed manure, biogas slurry and other fast-acting organic fertilizers. 2, light trimming time. Before the change of conventional spring tea light pruning time: (1) before the summer tea light pruning, that is, after taking the spring tea light pruning, the spring tea moderately early end, seize the time for light pruning, otherwise, a large number of summer tea has germinated, affecting Summer tea production, pruning degree is mainly based on mild flattening. (2) Lightly trim after autumn tea can be lightly trimmed in October after the autumn tea. The spring tea can be germinated earlier in the following year, and the garden can be opened earlier. The degree of trimming should be mildly flattened. Diseases, Insects, and Weed Control 1. Use light and color to trap and kill pests, and mechanically and artificially capture pests. 2. The garden of tea gardens protects natural enemies of various beneficial organisms and pests in the park. With biological control, insects are used to treat insects, reducing the number of eggs of insect pests. 3, the application of microbial sources, animal sources, plant-derived pesticides, such as kasugamycin, bacteriocin, lactobacillus, granulosis virus, rotenone, Chuanxiongsu, entomopathogenic nematodes, etc., to reduce various diseases, Losses caused by insects and weeds. The tea plantation ground cover is covered with green manure and crop straw to cover the soil of the tea garden to regulate soil moisture and improve the biological cycle and material circulation including microorganisms and soil flora and fauna in the tea plantation system to maintain and increase the long-term fertility of the soil. The covering materials can be adapted to local conditions. Non-polluting straw, bean stalks, green manure, wild weeds and fallen leaves can be used. It is better to cover the thickness without revealing the ground, about 10 cm. It is best to cover it twice a year. The first time in May-June is appropriate, which is conducive to drought protection and water conservation and to prevent weeding; the second time in October-November, it can be used to prevent damage and freeze. From September to October the following year, the material will be buried as fertilizer. In general, the amount of grass to be cultivated is 1,500-1,500 kilograms per 667 square meters. The first amount is less and the second amount is more.

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