High-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus in greenhouse

High-yield cultivation techniques of asparagus in greenhouse

Asparagus is one of the top ten most famous dishes in the world. Apart from its rich nutrition, it also has various health-care functions such as anti-cancer, blood-fat lowering, and improving human immunity. The international market has always been in short supply. At present, the cultivation of asparagus in China's protected areas has just started. The total area of ​​cultivation of asparagus in the country's greenhouses is less than 20 hectares (300 acres), and the daily supply during the harvest period is less than 2,000 kilograms, which is far from meeting the huge market demand, so the benefits are very high. Before and after the Spring Festival, asparagus in supermarkets in Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and other large and medium-sized cities, sales prices are between 36 to 50 yuan / kg, is more than ten times the price of other protected vegetable prices, a 269 square meters (7 points) Asparagus in greenhouses earns more than 20,000 yuan a year. Asparagus cultivation in protected areas, winter cold-type greenhouses in need of greenhouses in Huanghuai River Basin can be a large arch shed, the Yangtze River Basin can be a small arch. Here's a description of the Huanghe-Huai River Basin as an example: 1. Variety selection Asparagus is a perennial plant that can be harvested continuously for more than 15 years in a single plant. Therefore, it is important to select high-quality, high-quality, disease-resistant varieties. At present, the better varieties are: Asparagus prince F1, 88-5 improved lineage, 2000-X, Grande and other hybrids. The UC800, UC157F2, etc. imported from abroad are conventional species and second-generation species that have already been eliminated from abroad. The yield is low and disease resistance is poor and should not be used. 2. Seedling time Asparagus can be nursed in open fields from March to October in the northern region, and it can also be nursed in winter in greenhouses. The southern region can be raised every year. 3. Seed Soaking Asparagus seeds have a hard waxy layer outside the seeds, so they must be soaked before sowing. Before soaking, the seeds were rinsed with water, rinsed with fleas and insects, and then sterilized with 50% carbendazim 300 times for 12 hours. Then, in the spring, soak in warm water of 30-35°C for 2 to 3 days (the summer and autumn seedlings are soaked in cold well water). After pouring the water, cover the seeds with a wet towel and rinse the seeds once a day to avoid Bored, so that seeds can be sown after about 10% whitening. 4. Seeding method Choose fertile sandy loam soil, use 10 m2 seedlings for every 50 g seed, fill the bottom water first, draw lines at a spacing of 10 cm, single seeds are sown in the center and cover 2 cm thick. Sift the fine soil. (1) Seedlings in early spring: After spotting, cover with small arches (90-120 cm wide, 50-80 cm in height), and sprinkle a small amount of phoxim granules on the surface to prevent ticks and other underground pests. The temperature inside the arch is controlled at 25 to 30°C during the day and 15 to 18°C ​​at night. When the temperature exceeds 32°C, the membrane ventilation and seedlings at both ends must be opened in time. When the seedlings grow more than three stems (about 60 days after excavation), they can be transplanted. (2) Summer nursery: As summer temperatures are relatively high, in addition to soaking seeds with cold well water, the seedlings should also be fully watered. After the seeds are planted, they should be timely covered with soil, covered with wet grass or wheat straw, and dampened with cold water. Wheatgrass, found wheat grass and dry ground, timely moisturizing spray. Remove the cover in the evening after emergence. (3) Seedlings in the autumn: Soaking, seeding is the same as summer. In order to allow the seedlings to extend their growth time later, the small arch shelters used in the early spring can be used for protection before the temperature is lowered, so as to extend the growth period and cultivate large seedlings to ensure safe wintering. 5. Transplanting and planting Asparagus should be transplanted from June to July. This is because the management time of the field is short, and it can be harvested before and after the Spring Festival. The seedlings of the previous year can also be transplanted. This kind of seedling is large and has a long seedling age, which is higher than the spring seedling yield. Asparagus in the greenhouse is preserved in the east-west direction and planted in the north-south direction. The row spacing is 120 centimeters, the plant spacing is 25 centimeters, and 36 rows are planted in each row. In order to ensure that bamboo shoots are harvested during the Spring Festival that year, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened in summer and autumn. (1) Digging and ditching: In the deep-leveling ground, north-south direction, line the line by 120 cm, dig along the straight line, 40 cm wide, 40 to 50 cm deep. (2) Filling the trenches with fertilizer: fill 5,000 square meters of soil fertiliser per 667 square meters (1 mu) and 50 kg of compound fertilizer into the trenches. (3) Planting and planting: Before the planting, the seedlings will be poured with water first, divided into squares with iron shovels along the rows of bamboo shoots and shoots, and the seedlings will be lifted with soil. The north and south rows will be cultivated, and the smallest one of the seedlings will be oriented in the north direction. , planted in the ditch at a spacing of 25 cm, bamboo shoot bulbs below the ground level of 13 cm, and then water it to make it natural collapse, and other water infiltration, timely soil protection. 6. Summer Management In order to accelerate the growth of asparagus, from mid-July to mid-August, 30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied every 667 square meters, and the fertilizer is timely watered after top dressing. In the rainy season, pest and disease prevention should be strengthened. 7. The nursery will pour through the water in November, and after several days, the dried stems will be pulled out of the garden. 8. Single sheds are used for the sheds, covering corn stalks on the north slope, and grass mulches on the sheds. A small shed of 70 centimetres tall per row in the shed. 9. Harvest According to the temperature and growth conditions, the shoots grow to 20-25 cm before the Spring Festival and are harvested along the ground. In the first year of harvesting in the field, it was stopped (about 350 kg in a 269 m2 shed) and the stems were allowed to grow. From June to July, harvest bamboo shoots for one month. With the increase of the age of bamboo shoots, the harvest period is appropriately extended. But don't covet high prices and over-harvesting.

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