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Prevention and cure of grape sunburn
Sunburn on fruits typically manifests as brown or dark brown round spots on the surface, with unclear boundaries. Initially, the fruit's surface may shrink and then gradually sag. In severe cases, the fruit can become dry and shriveled. Young shoots and tender parts of the plant that haven't fully lignified are also susceptible to sunburn, which can lead to leaf tip drying or wilting.
Sunburn commonly occurs in fruits that are directly exposed to sunlight. This is often due to insufficient water supply and poor fruit hydration. When the root system cannot absorb enough water, but the leaves continue to lose moisture through transpiration, it leads to an imbalance in fruit moisture levels, resulting in sunburn. Additionally, root damage from overwatering or root burning can contribute to the condition. Large fruits are more prone to sunburn, and sunspots can appear when plants are moved or pruned, especially during sudden temperature increases.
To prevent sunburn, proper agricultural practices should be implemented. Deep fertilization helps promote deeper root development, enhancing tree vitality and stress resistance. Proper planting density and the use of trellis systems can keep the fruit in a cooler environment. Avoiding waterlogging and excessive fertilization is essential. During high-temperature periods, timely irrigation ensures adequate moisture and helps lower plant temperatures, reducing the risk of sunburn. Spraying the leaves and fruits with a 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution or a 5% wood ash leachate after rainy seasons can also help reduce sunburn damage. These measures, when combined, significantly improve the plant’s resilience to heat stress and protect fruit quality.
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