Selection and application of raw materials for common feed for laying hens

Selection and application of raw materials for common feed for laying hens

Application Principles of Feed Drug Additives Application of feed additives should be targeted, and should be different with layer chicken breeds, production stages, environment, seasons, and regions, and be targeted.
Feed Formula Fidelity Often there is some difference between product quality and formula design in feed production, which can not meet the requirements of formula design. Analyze each factor that influences the quality of the finished product in terms of raw material nutrient composition variation, grinding particle size, mixing uniformity, batching precision, manufacturing process, finished product moisture, material residue, sampling, and testing, so that the theoretical value is consistent with the actual value. . Achieve the fidelity of feed formulation.
Select the types of raw materials commonly used in the region, and design the formula for the value of amino acids and trace elements in the raw materials. Refer to the Chinese feed database “Feed Composition and Nutritional Value Table” published by the State. For the energy value of raw materials, because the actual measurement is more difficult, generally no measurement is made, and the energy estimation formula is used to estimate. However, it must be taken into account that changes in raw materials such as moisture, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fiber may affect the level of energy.
When it is necessary to timely adjust the formula to determine raw material prices based on changes in the price of raw materials, it must be clear whether the raw material price is the inventory price or the market price, which is the predicted price or the average price. Adjust recipes in time according to price changes, which can reduce formulation costs.
Control of Crude Fiber Content The content of crude fiber in compound feed is: 2% to 3% for chicks, 5% to 6% for rearing period, 2.5% to 3.5% for laying hens, and generally 5% or less for chickens.
Controlling Harmful Toxic Materials in Feed Many feed ingredients contain some natural toxic and harmful substances. Such as the chicken feed should not use rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal, etc., can not have salmonella bacteria (pathogens) in the compound feed, heavy metal content should not exceed the prescribed content.
The feed composition volume should be compatible with the size of the digestive tract of the animal. The volume of the feed composition is too large, which can cause the digestive tract to be overloaded and affect the digestion and absorption of the feed. When the volume is too small, even if the nutrients meet the needs, the animal is still hungry. Being in an uneasy state is not conducive to normal growth.
The continuation of formula design must take into account the impact of changes in raw materials on the color, odor, and other indicators of the animal's stress, palatability, market acceptance and other factors.
The formulation formula of feed formulation should meet market demand and have market competitiveness.
We must have scientific advancement and apply new knowledge and new achievements in animal nutrition in formulas.
To be economical, under the premise of ensuring the nutrition of livestock and poultry, the cost of feed formulation is the lowest.
To be operational, under the premise of meeting market demand, according to the company's own conditions, make full use of a variety of raw materials to ensure stable feed quality.
It is required that the formula should have legitimacy, and the feed additive that is not explicitly allowed by the country should not be used.
Feed Formula Calculation Method Former feed formula calculations were performed using simple trial and error methods, cross methods, and diagonal methods. Most feed mills now use computer-designed feed formulations, which not only greatly increase the computational efficiency, but also fully consider the relationship between nutrition and cost, increase resource utilization, and reduce feed costs.
Treatment of Environmental Issues in Feed Formulations Feed producers should maintain their awareness of not worrying about the ecological environment in terms of optimizing feed formulas and correctly selecting feed ingredients and additives.
According to the digestible amino acid content and the ideal protein model, the chickens can be combined with a balanced diet to ensure that the amino acid content is in full compliance with the animal's maintenance and production needs. The feed conversion efficiency is maximized and the nutrient excretion can be minimized, thereby reducing environmental pollution. . It has been proved that diets for laying hens calculated and formulated according to the digestible amino acid and ideal protein models can reduce dietary protein levels by 2.5%, while their production performance does not diminish, and the nitrogen content of chicken manure decreases by 20%.
Use other growth-promoting additives instead of antibiotics.
Enzyme preparations: Enzyme preparations can accelerate the degradation of nutrients in the digestive tract of animals, and can degrade macromolecular substances that are not easily absorbed by animals into easily absorbed small molecules, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients and improving the utilization of feed. rate. Worth mentioning is phytase, which can use phytate in feedstuffs to reduce phosphorus pollution from animal waste to the environment.
Probiotics are microbial feed additives that have a beneficial effect on animals by improving the balance of the digestive tract flora of animals. They can inhibit and repel the growth and reproduction of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli and Salmonella, and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as lactic acid bacteria. And breeding. Therefore, in the animal's digestive tract, a microbial flora dominated by beneficial microorganisms is established, which reduces the chance of animals becoming ill and promotes animal growth.
Chinese Herbal Additives: Chinese Herbal Additives are the product of Chinese traditional Chinese medicine theory's long-term practice. They have the functions of Shun Qixiaoshi, sedation, deworming, depyrogenation, detoxification, bactericidal anti-inflammation and other functions, which can promote animal metabolism and enhance animal resistance. Ability to improve feed conversion. Chinese herbal medicine has no side effects such as chemical residues and specific drug resistance, so it has great application value and development prospects.
Seasonal adjustment of feed formulation Summer feed formula Adjustment formula Nutritional level: In hot summer, due to the high temperature, the feed intake of laying hens is reduced, and the concentration of feed nutrients should be appropriately increased. The increase rate depends on the reduction in feed intake, which is generally increased by about 5% to 10%. For example, protein and metabolic energy levels at the peak of egg production should be adjusted to 17.6% and 12.3 Joules/kg from 16.5% and 11.5 Joules/kg, respectively, and the other nutrient concentration adjustment ratios are roughly the same.
Pay attention to the choice of raw materials: It is best to add a small amount of oil in the feed for laying hens in summer. This can not only increase the metabolic energy value, but also promote the intake of food, reduce the body heat increase, promote the absorption of nutrients, and improve the utilization efficiency of feed. Where conditions permit, reliable quality shell powder can be used instead of stone powder, stone powder and shell powder can also be mixed and used. The ratio of shell flour and stone powder is 1:3 to 1:4. Shell powder contains a small amount of amino acid polysaccharide in addition to calcium. Has the effect of promoting the intake of food and beneficial digestion. The use of meat and bone meal, blood meal and intestine powder should be used with caution or not. For raw materials that do not contain protein and energy, such as zeolite powder and maifan stone powder, use less than 3%.
Natural feed therapy: heat or heat stress in laying hens. Bacitracin zinc is allowed in conventional feeds. Other antibiotics should be restricted. Other commonly used feed additives such as vitamin C, sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride and complex enzyme preparations are all beneficial, but the above treatment will greatly increase feed costs. Reasonable selection of natural feed therapies not only ensures the safety of laying hens through summer heat, but also does not increase feed costs, and there are no problems with drug residues and drug-resistant strains.
Garlic studies have shown that allicin (essential oil) inhibits or kills various strains of cocci, dysentery bacilli, E. coli, typhoid bacillus, fungi, viruses, amoeba, coccidia and aphids, especially for bacillary dysentery and enteritis It has good curative effect, and promotes feed intake, helps digestion, promotes egg production, improves product flavor and feed anti-mold effect. In addition, allicin can be combined with vitamin B1 to prevent the destruction of the latter, so it can increase the absorption of effective vitamin B1. Allicin also activates the animal's immune system. Natural garlic can be added directly (with skin) in the proportion of 1% to 2% in the feed of laying hens.
Raw gypsum research is fine, according to feed 0.3% ~ 1.0% ratio of mixed feeding, there is antipyretic clear stomach fire effect. It can also increase serum calcium concentration, reduce skeletal muscle excitability, relieve muscle spasm, and is suitable for animal heat syndrome and heat stress.
In the late autumn and winter in the northern part of the winter feed formula, due to the high moisture content of corn and other energy feeds, the high-moisture corn should be converted to standard moisture corn before being fed.
Precautions for the preparation of concentrated feeds Feed mills usually design 20% to 40% of concentrated feed, the proportion is too low, users need to cooperate with the increase in the type of feed, the cost is too high, the feed plant is not easy to control the final product; the ratio is too high, it will be Lose the significance of concentration. Usually 30%~40% concentrates are designed for chickens and 35%~40% for laying hens. There are two methods for its calculation: First, it is calculated from compound feed; second, it is calculated from the set ratio and then formulated according to this ratio. When the user applies the concentrate, it should be used according to the formula recommended by the feed mill, so that it is easy to carry out quality control. When the user changes raw materials, the proportioning calculation should be performed again to meet the main indicators.

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