Spray drying principle

Spray drying principle

By mechanical action, the material to be dried is dispersed into fine mist-like particles (increasing the evaporation area of ​​water, accelerating the drying process) and contacting with hot air to remove most of the moisture in an instant, so that the solid in the material The material is dried into a powder.

Mechanism of action

(1) Pressure spray drying method:

1 Principle: Using a high-pressure pump, the material is passed through an atomizer (gun) at a pressure of 70 to 200 atmospheres, and the misty particles of 10 to 200 are directly contacted with hot air for heat exchange, and drying is completed in a short time.

2 Pressure spray micronization device: M-type and S-type, having a guide groove for rotating the liquid flow, the axis of the M-shaped guide groove is perpendicular to the nozzle axis, and does not intersect with it; the axis of the S-shaped guide groove is at an angle to the horizontal. The goal is to try to increase the turbulence of the solution during spraying.

(2) Centrifugal spray drying method:

1 Principle: The disc is applied to the high-speed rotating disc in the horizontal direction to centrifugally force the solution to form a film, a filament or a droplet at a high speed, which is generated by the rotation of the disc due to the friction, obstruction and tear of the air. The tangential acceleration and the radial acceleration generated by the centrifugal force, the result is moving on the disc at a combined speed, and the trajectory is a spiral shape. After the liquid is thrown from the disc along the spiral, it is dispersed into a very small The droplets move at an average speed along the tangential direction of the disc, while the droplets are again sucked by the centripetal suction, due to the different sizes of the sprayed particles. Therefore, their flight distances are different, so particles falling at different distances form a cylinder that is symmetric about the center of the shaft.

2 to obtain a more uniform droplet requirements: a. reduce the vibration of the disc rotation b. the amount of liquid entering the disc is kept constant per unit time c. the surface of the disc is smooth and smooth d. the circumferential speed of the disc should not be too small, rmin =60m/s, if the milk (100-160m/s) is <60m/s, the spray droplets are not uniform, and the spray distance seems to consist mainly of a group of droplets and a group of fine droplets that sink to the disk, and increase with the rotation speed. And decrease.

3 Centrifugal sprayer structure: Requirements: Wetting the perimeter, can make the solution reach high speed, uniform spray, firm structure, light weight, simple, no dead angle, easy to remove and wash, and great productivity.

(3) Airflow spray drying method:

1 Principle: The wet material enters the dryer through the conveyor and the heated natural air at the same time. The two are fully mixed. Due to the large heat and mass exchange area, the evaporative drying is achieved in a short time. The dried product is discharged from the cyclone, and a small portion of the fly powder is recycled by a cyclone or bag filter. The Q-type airflow dryer is operated under negative pressure, and the material does not pass through the fan; the QG-type airflow drying is a positive pressure operation, the material passes through the fan with a pulverizing effect; the FG-type airflow dryer is an exhaust gas circulation type; the JG-type airflow drying is an enhanced airflow. The dryer, which combines flash drying and airflow drying, is a new type of drying equipment designed by our factory according to user requirements.

Structural component

According to the direction of movement between the hot air and the dried particles in the drying chamber: parallel flow, countercurrent, mixed flow. Concurrent flow is often used in milk. The parallel flow type can be dried with a higher inlet air temperature without affecting the quality of the product.

a. Horizontal parallel flow

b. Vertical drop and flow pattern

c. Vertical drop mixed flow type.

d. Vertical rise and flow type

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