Sweet potato cultivation management techniques

Sweet potato cultivation management techniques

Summer sweet potatoes refer to those planted after the main harvest. With a relatively short growing cycle of around 120 days, proper cultivation techniques play a crucial role in determining yields. Selecting the right variety and preparing healthy seedlings are essential steps. Early-maturing varieties like Beijing 553, Red Heart King, and Shanchuan Purple are recommended due to their excellent quality and adaptability. Seedlings for summer sweet potatoes are typically cut from spring potato sprouts. Each cutting should be approximately 20-30 cm long, with 6-8 nodes, and an intact apical bud, as these features ensure robust growth, rapid vine extension, and earlier tuber development. Proper soil preparation and fertilization are equally important. Using a specialized ridger, create ridges that are 70-75 cm long and 25 cm high. Ensure the ridges are smooth and free of debris. For each acre, apply around 2000-3000 kg of high-quality organic fertilizer and 40-50 kg of sweet potato-specific compound fertilizer. Placing the fertilizer on one side of the ridge helps conserve nutrients and reduces waste compared to broadcasting it. Planting involves digging small holes in the top of the ridges, inserting the seedlings horizontally, and watering thoroughly. Burying all the leaves ensures they contribute moisture back to the stems, promoting healthy growth. To maintain optimal plant density, check for missing plants within a few days and replant as needed, aiming for 4000-5000 plants per acre. Post-planting, apply a herbicide mixture of acetochlor (0.2 kg) diluted in 100 liters of water to control weeds effectively. As the plants grow, regular pruning becomes necessary. Removing adventitious roots and vines during the rainy season prevents nutrient dispersion and maintains higher photosynthetic efficiency. Returning the vines to their original positions after turning them over can help avoid a 1-2% yield loss. Pruning also encourages lateral branching, which accelerates tuber growth once the plant reaches 12 nodes. Mid-season foliar feeding with a solution of 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% urea can significantly boost weak or yellowing plants. Spraying every 7-10 days, for 2-3 sessions, enhances nutrient absorption and improves overall productivity. Harvesting should occur promptly when temperatures drop to 15-20°C and ground temperatures fall below 5°C or rise above 16°C, signaling the end of tuber expansion. Careful handling during harvest is vital to avoid damaging the skin, ensuring better storage quality. Graded packaging further preserves freshness and market value. This comprehensive approach ensures healthier plants, higher yields, and better-quality produce. It requires dedication but delivers rewarding results for both farmers and consumers alike. Yan Jiaqi & Li Enyou

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