The challenges and latest developments in medical digital imaging

The advent of digital imaging technology in the 21st century has given us excellent diagnostic capabilities, image archiving, and the ability to retrieve anytime, anywhere. Since the advent of medical imaging digital technology in the early 1970s, the importance of digital imaging has become increasingly apparent. Some new advances in mixed-signal design capabilities in semiconductor devices have enabled imaging systems to achieve unprecedented levels of electronic packaging, leading to tremendous advances in medical imaging. At the same time, the embedded processor greatly enhances the ability of medical image processing and real-time image display, enabling faster and more accurate diagnosis. The convergence of these technologies and many emerging electronic health record standards provide the impetus for more complete patient care.

This article will present the many challenges and recent developments in the electronic design of different imaging methods, including digital X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound systems.

Digital X-ray system

Conventional X-ray systems use a film/screen device to detect X-rays that are emitted to the human body. However, the digital X-ray signal chain in the detector system contains an array of photodetectors that convert the radiation into electrical charges. This is followed by a number of charge integrator circuits and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuits to digitize the input. Figure 1 shows an example of a typical digital X-ray system block diagram.

Figure 1 Example of a digital X-ray system structure

Digital X-ray system performance is closely related to the noise performance of the integrator and ADC modules. In order to achieve higher image quality under low power conditions, the degree of electronic integration required to support a large number of signal channels in a system sets a certain standard for technological innovation. Because of the many high-performance analog components that make up the detector system and the embedded processor that performs advanced image processing tasks, the X-ray system has many advantages over traditional X-ray systems. This combination supports a larger dynamic range, resulting in better image contrast and lower patient X-ray radiation levels, while producing digital images that can be electronically stored and transmitted.

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