Wild duck breeding technology

(I) Brooding Feeding

1. Temperature: The brooding temperature should start at 30°C and gradually decrease by 1°C every two days. By day 20, it should be adjusted to a normal brooding temperature of 20°C.

2. Humidity: Maintain relative humidity around 70%. In the early stages, avoid low humidity, and prevent excessive moisture. To keep the floor dry, use straw or rice bran as bedding.

3. Density: For the first 10 days, keep 40 ducks per square meter. From day 11 to 20, reduce to 30 per square meter, and from day 21 to 30, keep 25 per square meter. After 20 days, if the weather is good, allow outdoor grazing in groups of 50 to 100 ducks.

4. Ventilation: Ensure proper ventilation while maintaining warmth to remove moisture and ammonia. During winter and spring, open windows during the day and close them at night.

5. Lighting: Provide at least 20 hours of light daily for the first 10 days, with a light intensity of 8 watts per square meter. From day 11 to 20, stop artificial lighting during the day and gradually reduce nighttime lighting. Use natural light after day 21.

6. Water: Start providing water 12 hours after hatching. Offer a 0.1% potassium permanganate solution at room temperature, and warm water before day 10. Ensure clean, fresh water is always available, and consider adding B vitamins.

7. Feeding: Feed 2-3 hours after drinking. Use balanced feed, and wet mash or broken pellets can also be used. Feed more frequently when ducklings are young. From day 1 to 10, feed 7 times a day, including 2 night feedings. From day 11 to 20, feed 5 times a day with 1 night feeding. From day 21 onwards, feed 4 times a day. Add fresh grass, kelp powder, and small live animals like fish, snails, or shrimp to promote growth.

8. Water Access: Allow ducklings to swim in shallow water twice a day starting at day 7, each session lasting about 30 to 60 minutes. After day 10, let them move freely in water.

(B) Rearing Period (Days 31–60)

This is the fastest growth phase for wild ducks. At 60 days, ducks are ready for market, with similar weights to meat ducks.

1. Housing: Build elevated, sheltered duck houses near water sources. Each house should be 6m x 4m x 2.5m, with an open front. The ratio of house, yard, and water area should be 1:2:3. Keep density between 10–15 ducks per square meter.

2. Netting: Install metal or nylon nets around the yard and water to prevent escape. Mesh size should be 2x2 cm. Deep nets or poles should reach the bottom of the water body. Staff should wear plain clothes to avoid disturbing the ducks.

3. Feeding: Use balanced feed, feed 3 times daily, and gradually increase the amount based on weight (5% of body weight). For breeding ducks, increase green feed to 15% of total diet. During the last 30–40 days, increase green material to 55–70%, coarse feed to 20–30%, and fine feed to 10–15%.

4. Management: Clean the house daily, change bedding, and ensure good ventilation. Keep water clean and provide enough feeding space. Regularly weigh ducks and adjust feed to meet weight targets.

5. Grazing: After day 40, allow grazing except in bad weather. This helps improve fitness and meat quality. For meat ducks, limit grazing and increase protein feed with additives to enhance growth and meat texture.

(C) Breeding Wild Ducks

Under artificial conditions, ducks typically reach sexual maturity at around 170 days. Males are slightly older than females. Average egg production is about 120 eggs per year.

1. Selection: Choose males with large heads, strong bodies, and bright necks. Females should have smaller heads, slender necks, and large eyes. Males should weigh at least 1.25 kg, females at least 1 kg. Ducks are usually kept for 1–2 years.

2. Breeding Ratio: A male-to-female ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 is ideal. Adjust the ratio based on weather and fertilization rates.

3. Care: Add bone meal and shell powder during egg-laying. Increase protein intake and feed 4 times daily before peak laying. Provide 2–3 hours of artificial light in the morning and evening to extend daily light to 15 hours. Avoid sudden changes in feed; transition gradually over 7 days.

4. Management: Keep the house clean and provide nesting areas. Monitor weather changes, especially cold and heat stress. Maintain a calm environment to reduce stress. In fall and winter, control fat accumulation through controlled feeding. Keep breeding density at 8–10 ducks per square meter.

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